Copyright © 2011 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. Customer Success Is Our Mission is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company. Satellite Based Augmentation System June 2011

Agaeg Topic of Discussion 2 WAAS Status Dual Frequency SBAS Expansion Sovereignty / Reliability

Phases of WAAS  WAAS Phase 1 - Initial Operating Capability (IOC) –WAAS commissioned in July 2003  WAAS Phase 2 - Full Lateral Precision with Vertical Guidance (LPV) Performance (FLP) –Completed September 2008  WAAS Phase 3 – WAAS Follow –On (WFO) –Current phase  WAAS Phase 4 - Global Navigation Satellite System Dual Frequency – Raytheon Target start date FY DevelopmentOperational Technical Refresh Operational JRC Technical Refresh Operational JRC FOC FLP Segment (Phase II) LPV-200 Segment (Phase III) Dual Frequency (Phase IV) SLEP Phases GEO Schedule GEO #3 – Intelsat GEO #4 – TeleSat Gap Filler GEO AMR GEO #5 – TBD GEO #6 - TBD Launch 10/05 Operational Launch 9/05 Launch 09/08 Operational Launch 01/16 Operational Satellite Failure Operational

Galaxy 15 (CRW) Story  On April 5, 2010 – Intelsat lost the ability to control Galaxy 15 (CRW); the WAAS payload continued to function  The Satellite drifted for 8 ½ months from 129 degrees longitude to 98 degrees causing havoc for all satellites in the drift path  CRW was used by WAAS while it was drifting.  On December 17, Galaxy shut down automatically as a result of declining battery power and was unable to maintain full attitude control.  On December 23, the oscillating solar panels caused the battery charge level to drop just low enough to cause the computer to power down, followed a few minutes/hours later by a power-up as the satellite’s solar panels pointed slightly closer to the sun, allowing the battery’s charge to increase slightly. This power cycle cleared the original anomaly that occurred in April, and the satellite began communicating with ground controllers again.  On January 4, Intelsat turned WAAS payload back on.  On January 5, Lockheed Martin conducted a limited suite of confidence tests to confirm that the payload was operational and that levels were nominal. These tests were successful.  On April 3, Galaxy 15 reached its (interim) operational orbital longitude at 133.1°W. At this point it is anticipated that Intelsat will operate Galaxy 15 at this location for several months before moving it back to its original position of 133.0°W.

WAAS Reference Stations and GEO Footprint 5 Number of Reference Stations 38 Number of Master Stations 3 Number of GEOs 3 Number of Uplink Stations 6

Kriging Performance Benefits  An ionospheric storm affected WAAS Availability on April 5,  Kriging, a new enhancement to the WAAS ionospheric algorithms will be fielded in 2011 to improve performance during ionospheric disturbances. Performance on 4/5/10 with Kriging LPV Service LPV/LPV200 Service Availability of LPV Service < 99% 6

Typical WAAS Performance LPV Service LPV/LPV200 Service Availability of LPV Service < 99% 7 Require- ment Measured Performance LPV CONUS 99% Avail100% of CONUS LPV Alaska 95% Avail75% of Alaska 100% of Alaska LNAV 99.99% Avail100% of OCONUS 100% of CONUS Vert Accuracy (95%)2m0.95m Horiz Accuracy (95%)1m0.6m Time To Alarm6.2 s P(HMI) * *An HMI event has never been observed in the history of WAAS service.

The Ionosphere  The ionosphere changes the velocity of the GPS signals due to a refraction of radio waves.  Equatorial Anomaly Region ± 20° Latitude (GEO Magnetic) –Daily Ionospheric Disturbances –Depletion Bubbles - Small scale disturbances –Scintillation – Causes receivers to drop the satellite signal  Australia is south of the equatorial anomaly region.  Solar activity is determined by an 11 year solar cycle. Solar maximum is expected from  Single Frequency SBAS corrects for ionospheric delay. For dual frequency SBAS, the user corrects for ionospheric delay. Dual frequency SBAS will broadcast Ionospheric corrections for legacy user equipment. 8

Dual Frequency SBAS  Today, SBAS performance is limited by the accuracy of the ionospheric corrections. In the equatorial region, providing good APV-I performance is very challenging.  From 2010 through 2018, the US Air Force is launching new GPS satellites which broadcast a new civil signal (L5).  Using two signals (L1 and L5), an aviation user can correct for ionospheric delay on the aircraft improving performance.  Existing SBAS systems will be upgraded in this time frame to broadcast new corrections for dual frequency users.  Fundamentally, the design of a dual frequency and single frequency SBAS system is the same.  Dual Frequency will improve SBAS service world wide and drastically improve performance in the equatorial region. 9 Dual Frequency will improve SBAS service world wide.

Single Frequency Reference Station Networks  Existing Single Frequency Reference Stations provide APV-1 Service over Europe and APV-I/LPV 200 service over North America.  GAGAN is targeting APV-I service over India.  With WAAS performance enhancements, MSAS could achieve APV-I service over Japan. 10

Dual Frequency CAT I Availability (with Single Frequency reference Station Network)  Dual Frequency ‘CAT-I equivalent’ LPV200 performance with existing reference station networks.  Performance is limited in the southern hemisphere due to a lack of reference stations. 11

Expanded Networks WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM  With Dual Frequency satellites available, SBAS providers will be able to expand into the equatorial region simply by adding stations.  From a hardware perspective, upgrading a single frequency reference station to a dual frequency reference station only requires a GPS receiver replacement. 12

Dual Frequency CAT I Availability, (with an Expanded Network) WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM  With an expanded network of reference stations, LPV200 service is available over all of the world’s land mass.  It’s possible that a full L1/L5 constellation of satellites will be pushed past 2018 due to launch delays. In areas such as Australia where the ionosphere is benign, an SBAS system should broadcast Ionospheric corrections to support single frequency users and users that can receive dual frequency and single frequency corrections. 13

Dual Frequency, Dual GNSS, Expanded Networks WAAS EGNOS MSAS GAGAN SDCM 14

Raytheon’s Expansion Study for MSAS Asia (2006 December 5) APV-ILPV 200 = 100% >= 95% >= 90% >= 85% >= 80% >= 70% >= 60% >= 50% < 50% >= 99% 15 MSAS + Asia Station Configuration - 61 Stations Japan – 16 stations (C4x) Australia – 16 stations (1 from existing MSAS station) New Zealand - 4 stationsSouth Korea – 2 stations Vietnam – 4 stations Thailand – 5 stations Philippines – 4 stationsMalaysia – 3 stations Singapore – 1 stationIndonesia – 6 stations

Raytheon’s Expansion Study for MSAS Asia (2008 December 3) Ionospheric activity in the equatorial region 16 = 100% >= 95% >= 90% >= 85% >= 80% >= 70% >= 60% >= 50% < 50% >= 99% 16 APV-ILPV 200 MSAS + Asia Station Configuration - 61 Stations Japan – 16 stations (C4x) Australia – 16 stations (1 from existing MSAS station) New Zealand - 4 stationsSouth Korea – 2 stations Vietnam – 4 stations Thailand – 5 stations Philippines – 4 stationsMalaysia – 3 stations Singapore – 1 stationIndonesia – 6 stations

MSAS + Australia Sites: MSAS C4x + 15 Australia sites APV-I LPV December December April March = 100% >= 95% < 50% >= 99% Availability

Raytheon’s Expansion Study for GAGAN East Asia (2006 December 5) APV-ILPV 200 = 100% >= 95% >= 90% >= 85% >= 80% >= 70% >= 60% >= 50% < 50% >= 99% 18

Raytheon’s Expansion Study for GAGAN East Asia (2010 March 22) APV-ILPV 200 = 100% >= 95% >= 90% >= 85% >= 80% >= 70% >= 60% >= 50% < 50% >= 99% 19

Options for Sovereignty  Expanding SBAS systems across international borders brings up issues of sovereignty, service guarantees and international cooperation.  There are approaches to provide a sovereign means for offering service while taking advantage of existing SBAS infrastructure. –A single threaded SBAS system utilizing the INMARSAT 4F1 could provide a sovereign backup in the event of an SBAS failure –Integrate an additional single threaded master station and uplink system into MSAS or GAGAN but utilize their GEOs. 20

MSAS or GAGAN /Regional SBAS System A single threaded system could provides a sovereign backup in the event of a SBAS failure. 21 Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator MSAS or GAGAN Master Station 1 & 2 GEO 1 User Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator GEO Uplink System (1 pair per GEO) Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 L1&L2 GPS Signal WRE A WRE B WRE C WRS 1-38 WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C Stn A Stn B Stn C Reference Stations GEO - 2 INMARSAT 4F1 Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator GEO Uplink System (1 pair per GEO) Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator 1 or 2 Hot Stand-by GEO Uplink Systems Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Master Station WRS 1-38 WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C Stn A Stn B Stn C Reference Stations L1&L2 GPS Signal Communication Network Communication Network Hot Stand-by Operations and Maintenance Subsystem controls systems. 21

GEO Footprint of the Inmarsat 4F1 22

Hot Stand-by SBAS System Integrate an additional master station and uplink system into MSAS/GAGAN but utilize the their GEOs. 23 Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Master Station 1 & 2 GEO 1 User Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator GEO Uplink System (1 pair per GEO) Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 L1&L2 GPS Signal WRE A WRE B WRE C WRS 1-38 WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C Stn A Stn B Stn C Reference Stations GEO 2 Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator GEO Uplink System (1 pair per GEO) Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 Signal Generator GUS Receiver GUS Processor Comparator 1 or 2 GEO Uplink Systems Message Processor 2 Message Processor 1 Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Correction Processor 1 Correction Processor 2 Safety Processor 2 Safety Processor 1 Comparator Hot Stand-by Master Station WRS 1-38 WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C WRE A WRE B WRE C Stn A Stn B Stn C Reference Stations L1&L2 GPS Signal Communication Network Communication Network Uplink to GEO 1 and GEO 2 using a new PRN number such that one of the satellites is broadcasting two PRNs. Hot Stand-by Operations and Maintenance Subsystem control systems in a different country or control could reside with the master operator. 23

In Summary:  WAAS is stable and continues to perform beyond its requirements  Raytheon is planning on Dual frequency to begin in 2014  There are unresolved issues with the ionospheric conditions in the equatorial regions which the Raytheon scientific community is working on.  Expanded dual frequency SBAS system will provide worldwide coverage and address ionospheric conditions in the equatorial regions.  Dual frequency architecture is fundamentally the same as that of single frequency system and can be upgraded to become a dual frequency system.  There are approaches to SBAS sovereignty/reliability associating with expanding SBAS globally. 24

Acronyms AAIAirports Authority of India ADS-BAutomatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast APECAsian Pacific Economic Council APV-IApproach with Vertical Guidance-I CAT-ICategory I CONUSCONterminous (or connected) United Stated FAAFederal Aviation Administration FSPFlight Service Predictor (Raytheon Product) GAGANGPS and GEO Augmented Navigation GEOGEO stationary Earth Orbit GLSGNSS Landing Systems GNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite System GPSGlobal Positioning System GUSGEO Uplink System HMIHazardously Misleading Information ICAOInternational Civil Aviation Organization IONInstitute of Navigation ISROIndian Space Research Organization JCABJapanese Civil Aviation Bureau LPV Lateral Precision with Vertical Guidance MSASMulti-Transport Satellite Augmentation System 25 MSASMulti-Transport Satellite Augmentation System NOTAMNotice to AirMan PNTPosition Navigation Time RFIRequest For Information RFPRequest For Proposal RMSRaytheon Monitoring Station (Raytheon Product) RNAVArea NAVigation RNPRequired Navigation Performance SACILSafety Assurance Configuration Item List SARPSStandards And Recommended Practices Spec SBASSatellite Based Augmentation System SMSService Monitoring System (Raytheon Product) TDSTechnical Demonstration System WAASWide Area Augmentation System WRSWide area Reference Station