IMPERIALISM: THE POLITICAL EXPANSION OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY WHICH TAKES CONTROL AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY.

MERCANTILISM THE ECONOMIC PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY TAKING THE RESOURCES OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY TO ENRICH ITSELF. THE POWERFUL COUNTRY ALSO ESTABLISHES OR EXPANDS ITS MARKETS IN THE LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (TO SELL STUFF THERE).

COLONIALISM THE PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY ESTABLISHING SETTLEMENTS OR COMMUNITIES IN A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (OCCUPATION).

NATIONALISM A FEELING OF CONNECTEDNESS AMONG THE CITIZENS OF A COUNTRY. IT GROWS, STRENGTHENS, AND OPPOSES THE INVADERS IN RESPONSE TO IMPERIALISM, MERCANTILISM, AND COLONIALISM.

Why imperialize?  Raw materials  New markets for products  Economic advantages  Political power worldwide  Feeling of cultural superiority and desire to spread own ideas  Keeping up with other superpowers

Why NOT imperialize?  Costs money to defend colonies  Could lead us into wars  Native people hate us  Goes against our Constitution

Josiah Strong: we need new places to expand—let’s look overseas!

Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval bases!

Spanish-American War, aka “the splendid little war,” 1898

America vs. Spain...WHY?

Sinking of the Maine blamed on Spain

Letter by Spanish minister De Lome criticizing our President

Yellow journalism: Hearst, Pulitzer

Concentration camps set up by General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba by Spain

Poetry of Jose Marti, from Cuba

Fighting in Cuba (San Juan Hill) Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

Philippines (Manila Bay) under Dewey

Fighting also took place in Puerto Rico

When war ends: Spain loses badly Cuba gains independence from Spain US acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for $20 million)

US RELATIONS WITH SIX NATIONS

HAWAII

Important information Good soil Along key trade routes Hawaiian sugar exempt from tariffs in exchange for Pearl Harbor base Bayonet Constitution American sugar plantation owners help overthrow Queen Liliuokalani Independent under Sanford Dole ; then annexed to US; 50 th state in 1959

CHINA

Important information about China China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried to keep most foreigners out China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried to keep most foreigners out Attacked by Japan Attacked by Japan West took advantage and created spheres of influence (Britain, France, Germany, Russia) West took advantage and created spheres of influence (Britain, France, Germany, Russia) US suggests Open Door policy to get equal access to China US suggests Open Door policy to get equal access to China Boxer Rebellion in 1900 against foreigners Boxer Rebellion in 1900 against foreigners

Important information about Japan Becomes imperialist, modeled on Western countries Becomes imperialist, modeled on Western countries 1904—Russo-Japanese War 1904—Russo-Japanese War Teddy Roosevelt got Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a peace treaty Teddy Roosevelt got Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a peace treaty Great white fleet from US Great white fleet from US

CUBA

Important information Cuba trying to get independence from Spain since 1868 Cuba trying to get independence from Spain since 1868 Spanish-American War--independence Spanish-American War--independence Teller Amendment stated US would not interfere with Cuba’s government after independence Teller Amendment stated US would not interfere with Cuba’s government after independence Platt Amendment removed US troops from Cuba but reserved the right for US to intervene in Cuban affairs; protectorate Platt Amendment removed US troops from Cuba but reserved the right for US to intervene in Cuban affairs; protectorate Guantanamo Bay Guantanamo Bay Today, Cuba is communist; embargo Today, Cuba is communist; embargo

PUERTO RICO

Important information  US got Puerto Rico as part of the deal at end of Spanish-American War  Foraker Act, 1900—governor and upper house appointed by US, lower house by people of PR  Jones Act, 1917—US citizenship, right for PR to elect both houses  Since 1952, a self-governing commonwealth

Philippines

Important information Bought by US for $20 million at end of Spanish- American War Bought by US for $20 million at end of Spanish- American War Huge debate over annexation Huge debate over annexation Three-year war against the US led by Emilio Aguinaldo; several hundred thousand Filipinos and over 4000 Americans died Three-year war against the US led by Emilio Aguinaldo; several hundred thousand Filipinos and over 4000 Americans died Philippine Government Act, 1902—governor and upper house appointed by US Philippine Government Act, 1902—governor and upper house appointed by US Jones Act, 1916—right for Filipinos to elect both houses Jones Act, 1916—right for Filipinos to elect both houses July 4, independence July 4, independence

PANAMA

Important information  Trying to shorten distance between oceans  1880s, France tries to build canal across Isthmus of Panama  1901—US offers Colombia $10 million and yearly rental of $250,000; Colombia wants more  US helps Panama declare independence from Colombia  Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty—US gets control over 10-mile- wide canal zone  Dr. Gorgas identifies mosquito as carrier of malaria, eliminates standing water  Control over canal went to Panama in 2000

IMPERIALISM—GOOD OR BAD?