CMPT100 Introduction to Computers Time: Mon-Wed-Fri 8:30 – 9:20 Time: Mon-Wed-Fri 8:30 – 9:20 Room: Arts146 Room: Arts146 Instructor: Jay Srinivasan Instructor: Jay Srinivasan

Expectations Attend class regularly Attend class regularly arrive on time, stay until the end arrive on time, stay until the end be quiet and respectful of others in the class be quiet and respectful of others in the class Attend all 5 Lab tutorials Attend all 5 Lab tutorials Attempt all assignments Attempt all assignments even if you can’t finish them - submit *something* even if you can’t finish them - submit *something* Do not cheat on assignments or exams Do not cheat on assignments or exams Academic honesty policyhttp:// Academic honesty policyhttp:// Ask questions sooner rather than later Ask questions sooner rather than later Check class website and i-help*often* Check class website and i-help*often*

What you can expect from me / i-help responses within a day / i-help responses within a day class notes available before class class notes available before class available to answer questions - ask! available to answer questions - ask! straightforward midterm/exam straightforward midterm/exam no trick questions but must know covered material no trick questions but must know covered material interested in your success in this class interested in your success in this class Late submissions will never be accepted. (except under extremely strenuous circumstances) Late submissions will never be accepted. (except under extremely strenuous circumstances)

History of Computing - Important Inventions

1823 – Difference Engine Babbage Never built Never built Intended to be: Intended to be: Steam powered, fully automatic Steam powered, fully automatic Calculate log tables Calculate log tables Real Dream = Analytical Engine Real Dream = Analytical Engine General Purpose Programmable Computer General Purpose Programmable Computer Four basic components: Input, Output, Processing & Storage. Four basic components: Input, Output, Processing & Storage. Too advanced for its time Too advanced for its time Babbage considered “Father of Computers” Babbage considered “Father of Computers”

1890 – Tabulating Machine Hollerith Beginning of IBM! Beginning of IBM! Electromechanical device Electromechanical device Input via punch cards Input via punch cards US Census Bureau had crisis US Census Bureau had crisis would take 10 yrs to tabulate census! Hollerith’s machine took 6 weeks

1944 – Harvard Mark 1 Aiken and Hopper First working computer First working computer 51 ft long, 8ft high 51 ft long, 8ft high parts parts 900 km of wire 900 km of wire weighed 5 tons weighed 5 tons Punch cards Used by US Military Term “Computer Bug”

1946 – ENIAC Mauchly and Eckert 1000 X faster than Mark X faster than Mark 1 “programmed” by rewiring and setting 6000 switches “programmed” by rewiring and setting 6000 switches Size: Size: vacuum tubes vacuum tubes 30 tons 30 tons 2 stories high 2 stories high Tube failure every 7 minutes Tube failure every 7 minutes

1951 – UNIVAC I Mauchly and Eckert Used by US Census Bureau Used by US Census Bureau CBS borrowed it for predicting the presidential elections in 1952 CBS borrowed it for predicting the presidential elections in 1952 First mass produced general purpose computer (46 !!) First mass produced general purpose computer (46 !!)

Computer Generations…

1 st Generation of Computers 1950s 1950s Vacuum tubes Vacuum tubes Huge machines 30 x 50 feet Huge machines 30 x 50 feet 1 computer used energy of one block of homes 1 computer used energy of one block of homes Used by Used by large corporations large corporations research research military military government government “needs of the world can be met by a few dozen computers” “needs of the world can be met by a few dozen computers”

2 nd Generation of Computers 1958 – 1960s 1958 – 1960s Transistors instead of tubes (thumbnail size) Transistors instead of tubes (thumbnail size) Improvements Improvements Faster Faster Smaller Smaller less electricity less electricity more reliable more reliable Available to other markets such as airlines / small business Available to other markets such as airlines / small business Primary programming languages: Primary programming languages: Fortran (scientific) Fortran (scientific) Cobol (business) Cobol (business) Basic (education) Basic (education)

3 rd Generation of Computers mid 1960s – 1970 mid 1960s – 1970 Integrated circuits combine transistors, wires, etc. on one silicon chip Integrated circuits combine transistors, wires, etc. on one silicon chip Thousands of times smaller than original transistors Thousands of times smaller than original transistors Start of embedded computers Start of embedded computers Traffic signals, elevators, pocket calculators Traffic signals, elevators, pocket calculators Hand-held calculator Hand-held calculator weighs 0.5 lbs weighs 0.5 lbs faster than ENIAC faster than ENIAC 1/ th the cost of ENIAC 1/ th the cost of ENIAC

4 th Generation of Computers 1970s – early 1980s 1970s – early 1980s Large scale integration Large scale integration smaller size smaller size many more circuits ( vs in 1965) many more circuits ( vs in 1965) “no use for these micro computers in homes” “no use for these micro computers in homes” Apple Computer Apple Computer started in a garage in 1976 started in a garage in 1976 In top 500 US companies by 1982 In top 500 US companies by 1982 First “Mac” introduced in 1984 First “Mac” introduced in 1984

5 th (?) Generation of Computers Today Today Moore’s Law: “doubling of transistor density on a manufactured die every year” Moore’s Law: “doubling of transistor density on a manufactured die every year” silicon chip’s capacity doubles every year. silicon chip’s capacity doubles every year. More like once every 18 months now. More like once every 18 months now. If automotives progressed as fast as computer technology, today’s car would have: If automotives progressed as fast as computer technology, today’s car would have: 1/10 inch engine 1/10 inch engine get miles per gallon get miles per gallon run MPH run MPH cost $4 cost $4 And with a software like Microsoft’s O/S it will likely crash every few Km.!! And with a software like Microsoft’s O/S it will likely crash every few Km.!!

Today’s Computers

Mainframes and Supercomputers Mainframes and Supercomputers Time sharing systems for large applications Time sharing systems for large applications Airline ticket booking, banking, weather predictions Airline ticket booking, banking, weather predictions Cray -1 in 1975 was the first supercomputer Cray -1 in 1975 was the first supercomputer Vector instructions/computing. Vector instructions/computing. Room sized machines (even by today’s standards). Room sized machines (even by today’s standards). Workstations and PCs Workstations and PCs Intensive computations Intensive computations In computer animations, as network servers In computer animations, as network servers PCs for word processing, accounting and multimedia. PCs for word processing, accounting and multimedia.

Today’s Computers Portable Computers Portable Computers Light weight and full functionality like a PC. Light weight and full functionality like a PC. Notebook/laptop computers Notebook/laptop computers Personal Digital Assistants Personal Digital Assistants Multiple functionalities (cell phone, games, organizer, browse web) Multiple functionalities (cell phone, games, organizer, browse web) Pocket PCs Pocket PCs

Today’s Computers Embedded and Special purpose computers Embedded and Special purpose computers Dedicated microprocessors that are embedded in your day-to-day uses. Dedicated microprocessors that are embedded in your day-to-day uses. Cars, VCRs, toys, traffic signals Cars, VCRs, toys, traffic signals Firmware : It consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory (Programmable ROM, Flash memory) Firmware : It consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory (Programmable ROM, Flash memory) “software” written “into” the system. “software” written “into” the system. Will not be erased when the system powers down. Will not be erased when the system powers down.

Main people / inventions Main people / inventions General idea of Computer Generations General idea of Computer Generations Four types of today’s computers Four types of today’s computers Read chapter 1 in Beekman book Read chapter 1 in Beekman book Be able to answer Be able to answer multiple choice multiple choice fill-in blanks fill-in blanks name some main people and inventions name some main people and inventions Will NOT ask you to Will NOT ask you to name specific dates name specific dates write essay / paragraph write essay / paragraph