Constructive Process Essential Questions What are surface features? What are examples of constructive process? How can a surface feature be changed by a constructive process? What are surfaces features caused by constructive processes?

Constructive Process Deposition – a process of dropping sediment, dirt, rocks, or particles in on place.

Constructive Process Examples of Deposition Force Surface Feature Created Deposition water / river Deltas Floodplains water / ocean Beaches and Barrier Islands wind Sand dunes Ice / glacier Moraines

Other Constructive Processes Force Surface Feature Folding plate movements mountains Faulting Mountains Earthquake cliffs (fault scarp) Volcanic Activity mountains / islands

Constructive Process Lesson Review Deposition is a process that Dissolves sediment Breaks down rock to form sediment Removes sediment from landforms Drops sediment to form landforms

Lesson Review Where do deltas form? In desert areas At river mouths On the banks of rivers In valleys formed by glaciers

Lesson Review Long shore currents in the ocean help create Beaches Dunes Rivers Drumlins

Lesson Review Volcanoes can create new land when they release Lava Water Faults mud

Lesson Review What forms moraines? Wind Rivers Glaciers Volcanoes

Constructive Process Essential Questions What are surface features? Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth’s surface such as: Mountains, valleys, canyons, gorges, beaches, sand dunes, barrier Islands, flood-plains, moraines, and drumlins, volcanoes, oceans, lakes, and rivers

Constructive Process Essential Questions What are examples of constructive process? Deposition Volcanic Activity Earthquake Activity Faulting Folding

Constructive Process Essential Questions How can a surface feature be changed by a constructive process? By forces such as wind, water, ice, through the process of deposition. The movement of the Earth’s crust Plate Tectonics (movements)

Constructive Process Essential Questions What are surface features formed from constructive processes? Delta Floodplains Barrier island Sand dune Moraine Drumlin Islands Mountain Ranges Cliffs – Fault Scarps

Destructive Process Essential Questions What are examples of destructive processes? How are surface features changed by destructive processes? What are examples of surface features caused by destructive processes?

Destructive Processes Weathering – The breaking down of rock Mechanical / Physical Freezing and thawing of Rock Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rock Impact of organisms Plant roots growing Animals burrowing Chemical Oxidation / rusting Carbonic Acid / acid rain Caverns Acid from Lichen

Destructive Process Erosion – Movement of rock from one place to another Water / Rivers Canyons Gorges V shaped Valleys Water / Ocean Waves Sea arches Sea stacks Wind Buttes Desert pavements Ice / Glaciers U shape Valleys Gravity Mast Wasting

Destructive Process Volcanic Activity Earthquakes Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics) Reshaping of Mountains Earthquakes Trenches cracks in the Earth Curst

Lesson Review What is weathering? A type of climate The transport of sediment The breakdown of rock The aging of rock

Lesson Review Which of theses is caused by chemical weathering? desert pavement formation of U-shaped valleys formation of rust ice expanding in cracks in rock at is weathering?

Lesson Review How do earthquakes change the land? They transport sediment. They form cracks in the surface. They release ash and lava. They cause chemical weathering.

Lesson Review A river can form Sea arches. U-shaped valleys. V-shaped valleys. Desert pavement.

Destructive Process Essential Questions What are examples of destructive processes? Weathering Mechanical / Physical Chemical Erosion Volcanic Activity Earthquake Acuity

Destructive Process Essential Questions How are surface features changed by destructive processes? Freezing and thawing of the earth’s crust Freezing water in cracks of rock Oxidation / rusting Carbonic acid / acid rain Impact of organisms Water / rivers and oceans Ice / glaciers Wind Gravity Movement of earth’s plates / plate tectonics

Destructive Process Essential Questions What are examples of surface features caused by destructive processes? Caverns / Carbonic Acid V-shaped valleys / River water Canyon / gorges / River water Sea arches / Ocean Waves Sea stacks / Ocean Waves Buttes / Wind Desert pavements / Wind Reshaped mountains / Volcanoes Trenches / Earthquakes

Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ How can constructive and destructive processes be controlled through the use of technology? How does technology affect constructive and destructive processes? What are examples of technology used to control constructive and destructive processes?

Effects on Constructive Processes Dam – a structure built across a river to control its flow Positive Effect Flood Control Hydroelectric Power Negative Effect Holds back sediment Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches

Effects on Destructive Processes Prevention of beach erosion Groin – a structure built perpendicular to the beach. Positive Effect Traps sand that moves along the shore and causing the beach to build up. Negative Effect Beach Erosion down stream is worse. Seawall – a structure built parallel to the shore Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves Ocean side beach will erode Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach

Effects on Destructive Processes Prevention of beach erosion (cont) Seawall – a structure built parallel to the shore Positive Effect Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves Negative Effect Ocean side beach will erode Beach Nourishment – sand from ocean or nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach

Effects on Destructive Processes Prevention of soil erosion Contour Plowing – method in which farmers plow across the sided of hill instead of down Terracing – the planting of corps on terraces (steps) built into steep hillsides. Windbreaks – rows of plants or fences. Slow down wind and limit the distance it can carry soil. Vegetation – used to hold soil in place Storm drain management – a system of drains Prevents flooding and soil erosion

Effects of Volcanoes and Earthquakes Volcanoes and Earthquakes can not be controlled; However scientist have ways to determine when and where these they might occur. Volcanoes – instruments are used to detect changes in volcanoes Earthquakes – Detailed maps show major faults Safety Education No new buildings on or near faults Building codes to resists earthquakes Seismographs – measures earthquakes on a rector scale

Lesson Review What is the purpose of a groin? to strengthen dams to stop beach erosion to create new sediment on shorelines to break down headlands

Lesson Review Beaches that have eroded are reclaimed through weathering. building of seawalls. beach nourishment. building of terraces.

Lesson Review Which of these is not a way to prevent soil erosion? planting vegetation contour plowing building windbreaks building dams

Lesson Review Scientist know where earthquakes will occur because they know the locations of faults volcanoes mountains long-shore currents.

Lesson Review Which of these do scientists use to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt? the age of the volcano earthquakes beneath the volcano temperature of nearby rivers the hardness of rock near the volcano

Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ How can constructive and destructive processes be controlled through the use of technology? Flooding Dams Beach Erosion Groins Seawalls Beach nourishment Soil Erosion Contour plowing Terracing Wind breaks Planting of vegetation Storm drain management systems

Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ How does technology effect constructive and destructive processes? Dams – Positive Effect Flood Control Hydroelectric Power Negative Effect Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches Groins – Traps sand that moves along the shore causing the beach to build up. Beach Erosion down stream is worse. Seawalls – Protects land behind from ocean waves Ocean side beach will erode

Controlling Constructive and Destructive Processes EQ What are examples of technology used to control constructive and destructive processes? Dams Groins Seawalls Wind Breaks Contour plowing technique Terracing technique Storm Drainage Systems Beach Nourishment

Unit Review What landform forms from deposition at the mouths of rivers? a delta a floodplain a sand dune a moraine

Unit Review Deposition forms these features on coasts. drumlins floodplains barrier islands U-shaped valleys

Unit Review What causes V shaped valleys to form? deposition at river mouths erosion by rivers weathering by wind erosion by glaciers

Unit Review A dam across a river can cause the formation of a delta. the carving of a valley. the erosion of a beach. the formation of a sea stack.

Unit Review Which of these helps prevent the harmful effects of erosion? dams volcanoes Long-shore currents contour plowing

Unit Review In which type of climate are you most likely to find a sand dune tht is not on the coast? dry humid icy hot

Unit Review What is the purpose of a groin? to prevent chemical erosion of rock to release trapped sediment from behind dams to help predict volcanic activity to stop erosion of beaches

Unit Review What does erosion do? breaks down rock physically moves broken pieces of rock changes rock chemically change sediment into rock