From 60’s to now Zhong Jinyun De Smet Olivier André Abel 1The Story of Internet

before the word ‘Internet’ is invented. The world’s 10,000 computers are primitive, although they cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. They have only a few thousand words of magnetic core memory, and programming them is far from easy. By 1992, when the timeline ends the Internet has one million hosts the ARPANET has ceased to exist computers are nine orders of magnitude faster network bandwidth is twenty million times greater. 2The Story of Internet

How did the story of internet begin? 3The Story of Internet

Background In the 1950s and early 1960s, prior to the widespread inter-networking that led to the Internet, most communication networks were limited by their nature to only allow communications between the stations on the network. 4The Story of Internet

The real story began in It’s all about the war! There’s a name to be remembered----ARPA 5The Story of Internet

What’s ARPA? This agency is part of U.S. Department of Defense, a future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what becomes the ARPANET and, much later, the Internet. "In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void. And darkness was upon the deep. And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, 'Let there be a protocol,' and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more protocols,' and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA sad, 'Let there be more networks,' and it was so." -- Danny Cohen 6The Story of Internet

1967: ARPA initiates planning of the ARPANet. Design objectives of ARPANet included interconnecting different research computers sharing data between networks load sharing of processing power (where one mainframe was busy, processing could be shifted to a different mainframe with available capacity) communications between different research centers (minor objective that became a major benefit and use). Birth of ARPANet The initiazalition 7The Story of Internet

packet-switching By the late 1960s, computer scientists were experimenting with non-linear "packet-switched" techniques to enable computers to communicate with each other.29 Using this method, computers disassemble information into variable- size pieces of data called "packets" and forward them through a connecting medium to a recipient computer that then reassembles them into their original form. Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet 8The Story of Internet

Distributed Network Designed Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet 9The Story of Internet

ASCII A joint industry-government committee develops ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), the first universal standard for computers. It permits machines from different manufacturers to exchange data. Birth of ARPANet The factors that led to APRAnet 10The Story of Internet

In the fall of 1969, right after the summer of love, ARPANet began with the successful linking of four computers known as Interface Message Processors (IMPS). The next few years were spent developing core protocols for ARPANet. Steve Crocker, a graduate student at UCLA, led what was called the Network Working Group on the development of "host protocols." Network Control Protocol (NCP) was the first such protocol. Birth of ARPANet The first ARPANet and the first protocol 11The Story of Internet

Birth of ARPANet First 1971: Ray Tomlinson sends himself an between two computers in his office. 1972: The initial "hot" application, electronic mail was introduced. March: Ray Tomlinson wrote the basic message send and read software. July, Lawrence Roberts expanded its utility by writing the first utility program to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages. October: Roberts Kahn organized a demonstration of the ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). 12The Story of Internet

Birth of ARPANet Ethernet: Xerox's motivation for the computer network was that they were also building the world's first laser printer and wanted all of the PARC's computers to be able to print with this printer. Robert Metcalfe had two challenges: the network had to be fast enough to drive the very fast new laser printer. Robert Metcalfe left Xerox in 1979 to promote the use of personal computers and local area networks (LANs). He successfully convinced Digital Equipment, Intel, and Xerox Corporations to work together to promote ethernet as a standard. Now an international computer industry standard, ethernet is the most widely installed LAN protocol. 13The Story of Internet

Birth of ARPANet TCP/IP : researchers led by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) which solved the network connection problems Vinton Cerf has been labeled the "Father of the Internet“. TCP/IP became the core protocol, it is what's used today, and in 1983 replaced NCP entirely. 14The Story of Internet

Birth of ARPANet MITS Altair , the MITS Altair 8800 is released, which was the first personal computer. the first programming language for the machine was Microsoft's founding product, Altair BASIC. 15The Story of Internet

Network Everywhere: Specific and closed to the general public: MFENet by the Department of Energy for its researchers in Magnetic Fusion Energy SPAN for NASA Space Physicists CSNET for the Computer Science community BITNET, which linked academic mainframe computers. Numerous local area networks (LANs) due to Metcalfe's Ethernet technology 16The Story of Internet

Network Everywhere: DNS 1983: At the University of Wisconsin, the name server was developed 1984: The first domain name server (DNS) was introduced in. 17The Story of Internet

Bring on the Web 80's to early 90's 60's HyperText idea developed in 80's by Tim Berners- Lee (CERN searcher) ‏ Proposal from Berners-Lee to CERN board (89): introduction to World Wide Web Berners-Lee's browser and editor program on a NeXT machine, showing how to use HyperText to display information 18The Story of Internet

November 92 : WWW project has 26 servers. Bring on the Web 80's to early 90's January 93 : Development of several browsers on differents platforms (Unix, Mac) + around 50 HTTP servers. September 93 : NCSA released working versions of Mosaic browser for X, Windows and Mac. October 93 : around 200 HTTP servers running. 19The Story of Internet

Explosion 93 to now March 94 : creators of Mosaic browser founded Netscape Communications. April 94 : 2 students at Stanford University started a guide to keep track of their personal interests on the web : Yahoo ! Late 95 :Microsoft released browser Internet Explorer 1.0, after their release of Windows 95 in August. April 95 : Sun released Java Development Kit, a programming language tailored for the web. 20The Story of Internet

Explosion 93 to now January 96 : 2 Ph.D. students at Stanford University hypothesized a new search engine for browsers. September 97 : The domain google.com was registered. 21The Story of Internet

Explosion 93 to now Global Internet Map node = 1 public server Half 2008 : 571,937,778 of internet hosts are registered. 22The Story of Internet