Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land) Global 9 Name__________________ Mr. Krueger Unit 6 Notes Dark Ages Dark ages: medieval, began with fall of Rome in 476, lasted until about 800 in Western Europe Barbarian Tribes: Roman term for non-Latin speaking; Germanic people from NE Europe, pushed west by Huns from Asia and Vikings from North Fall of Rome: no centralized government, roads crumbled, trade declined, new languages (romance), Church the only common organization Conditions: - Unorganized (no gov’t) - Uneducated (no school) - Poor (no trade) Charlemagne: Exception was the Frankish Kingdom under Charles the Great: - Tied to Roman Catholic Church - Supported education - Began feudalism in France Feudalism Feudalism: “Type of government” of the Middle Ages – organized but not centralized; locally run system that is based on land ownership – the manor Manor: land is owned by the lord, includes lord’s house, farms, village, church, peasants homes, surrounding area Manorialism: Economic relationship – everyone gets what they need Knights: noble warriors – protectors of the kingdom, called “Sir”, highly respected Chivalry: Moral code of conduct; knights must be: brave, loyal, courteous, generous King Nobles – Lord, Knight Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land) Work/service Food Protection Land CHAOS Roman Catholic Church Institution: only organizing force in Europe, the main tool for communication which gave the Church great power education: Monastic System, monks, copied books and preserved knowledge Hierarchy: Important Church Terms: - Heresy – speaking out against the church or disagreeing with doctrine - Excommunication – People were forced to leave the Church (not in communion) Gothic Architecture: “Gothic” style develops, very detailed and beautiful - Cathedrals – huge churches, dedicated to the glory of God, visual tool to understand Christianity - Art – used to teach people (usually illiterate) about Christianity; artwork and stained glass windows Influence: 1. Spiritually taught how to get to heaven 2. Politically had great influence and power over Kings 3. Economically people had to pay a tithe (tax) of their income to the church -Pope -Archbishops -Bishops -Priests -People Instructions come from God, through the Pope, down to the people

Crusades Important Events Crusades: “Holy Wars” (1100s-1200s), European Christians vs. Muslims (Turks) Causes: 1. Take back Holy Land, 2. power for Christianity, 3. crusaders’ sins forgiven, 4. gain wealth/land, 5. serfs hope to escape feudalism Impact: Failed at taking the Holy Land, but - Learning – learned may ideas from Muslims (math, science, medicine, etc.) and reintroduced to Greek/Roman ideas (art, philosophy, literature) preserved by Byzantine and Muslim empires - Trade – Huge impact, crusaders brought back new products (spices, silk, cotton, fruits, etc) that created demand in Europe → led to new markets → growth of towns - Overall – 1. Learning increased, 2. Feudalism declined, 3. Economy got better, 4. Set up Renaissance, 5. Legacy of tensions between Christians and Muslims Pope Urban II: 1095 – called First Crusade Richard the Lion-Hearted: 1189 – King of England, led the Third Crusade Saladin: 1100s – Leader of Turks, reunited Muslims against Christians Important Events Battle of Hastings: 1066, William the Conqueror from Normandy (France) won control of southern Britain from Anglo-Saxons, SO WHAT – Norman and Anglo Saxon cultures mix creating English culture and the English language Hundred Years War: 1300-1400s, England claimed French throne, Joan of Arc SO WHAT – New weapons invented: longbow (ended knights armor) and cannon (ended castles as defense) Bubonic Plague: 1340s, disease with no cure, spread to Europe by fleas on rats from Asian traders, worst in new crowded cities SO WHAT – - Socially: killed 1/3 of Europeans – people questioned power of the Church - Economically: survivors gained wealth – got what dead left behind and could demand wages because workers were in high demand - Politically: End of feudalism – peasants revolted, led to growth of new political systems (monarchs had “national” power Feudalism was considered… Political system: Lords were the leaders, lawmakers and judges, resolved all problems Social system: Everyone was ranked according to their social class (see pyramid above) Economic system: The system ensured that everyone got what they needed (survival) Feudalism 100 Years War Crusades 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Battle of Hastings Magna Carta Black Death Battle of Tours Charlemagne crowned

Dark Ages Feudalism Roman Catholic Church Dark ages: Feudalism: Global 9 Name__________________ Mr. Krueger Unit 6 Notes Dark Ages Dark ages: Barbarian Tribes: Fall of Rome: Conditions: - Charlemagne: Feudalism Feudalism: Manor: Manorialism: Economic relationship – Knights: Chivalry: Roman Catholic Church Institution: education: Hierarchy: Important Church Terms: - Heresy – - Excommunication – Gothic Architecture: - Cathedrals – - Art – Influence: 1. Spiritually 2. Politically 3. Economically -

Crusades Important Events Causes: Impact: - Learning – - Trade – - Overall – Pope Urban II: Richard the Lion-Hearted: Saladin: Important Events Battle of Hastings: SO WHAT – Hundred Years War: Bubonic Plague: - Socially: - Economically: - Politically: Feudalism was considered… Political system: Social system: Economic system: 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Dark Ages Dark ages: medieval, began with fall of Rome in 476, lasted until about 800 in Western Europe Barbarian Tribes: Roman term for non-Latin speaking; Germanic people from NE Europe, pushed west by Huns from Asia and Vikings from North Fall of Rome: no centralized government, roads crumbled, trade declined, new languages (romance), Church the only common organization Conditions: - Unorganized (no gov’t) - Uneducated (no school) - Poor (no trade) Charlemagne: Exception was the Frankish Kingdom under Charles the Great: - Tied to Roman Catholic Church - Supported education - Began feudalism in France CHAOS

Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land) Feudalism Feudalism: “Type of government” of the Middle Ages – organized but not centralized; locally run system that is based on land ownership – the manor Manor: land is owned by the lord, includes lord’s house, farms, village, church, peasants homes, surrounding area Manorialism: Economic relationship – everyone gets what they need Knights: noble warriors – protectors of the kingdom, called “Sir”, highly respected Chivalry: Moral code of conduct; knights must be: brave, loyal, courteous, generous King Nobles – Lord, Knight Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land) Work/service Food Protection Land

Feudalism (cont.) Feudalism was considered… Political system: Lords were the leaders, lawmakers and judges, resolved all problems Social system: Everyone was ranked according to their social class (see pyramid above) Economic system: The system ensured that everyone got what they needed (survival)

Roman Catholic Church Institution: only organizing force in Europe, the main tool for communication which gave the Church great power education: Monastic System, monks, copied books and preserved knowledge Hierarchy: Instructions come from God, through the Pope, down to the people Important Church Terms: - Heresy – speaking out against the church or disagreeing with doctrine - Excommunication – People were forced to leave the Church (not in communion) -Pope -Archbishops -Bishops -Priests -People

Roman Catholic Church Gothic Architecture: “Gothic” style develops, very detailed and beautiful - Cathedrals – huge churches, dedicated to the glory of God, visual tool to understand Christianity - Art – used to teach people (usually illiterate) about Christianity; artwork and stained glass windows Influence: 1. Spiritually taught how to get to heaven 2. Politically had great influence and power over Kings 3. Economically people had to pay a tithe (tax) of their income to the church

Crusades Crusades: “Holy Wars” (1100s-1200s), European Christians vs. Muslims (Turks) Causes: 1. Take back Holy Land, 2. power for Christianity, 3. crusaders’ sins forgiven, 4. gain wealth/land, 5. serfs hope to escape feudalism Impact: Failed at taking the Holy Land, but - Learning – learned may ideas from Muslims (math, science, medicine, etc.) and reintroduced to Greek/Roman ideas (art, philosophy, literature) preserved by Byzantine and Muslim empires - Trade – Huge impact, crusaders brought back new products (spices, silk, cotton, fruits, etc) that created demand in Europe → led to new markets → growth of towns - Overall – 1. Learning increased, 2. Feudalism declined, 3. Economy got better, 4. Set up Renaissance, 5. Legacy of tensions between Christians and Muslims

Crusades (cont.) Pope Urban II: 1095 – called First Crusade Richard the Lion-Hearted: 1189 – King of England, led the Third Crusade Saladin: 1100s – Leader of Turks, reunited Muslims against Christians

Important Events Battle of Hastings: 1066, William the Conqueror from Normandy (France) won control of southern Britain from Anglo-Saxons, SO WHAT – Norman and Anglo Saxon cultures mix creating English culture and the English language Hundred Years War: 1300-1400s, England claimed French throne, Joan of Arc SO WHAT – New weapons invented: longbow (ended knights armor) and cannon (ended castles as defense)

Important Events (cont.) Bubonic Plague: 1340s, disease with no cure, spread to Europe by fleas on rats from Asian traders, worst in new crowded cities SO WHAT – - Socially: killed 1/3 of Europeans – people questioned power of the Church - Economically: survivors gained wealth – got what dead left behind and could demand wages because workers were in high demand - Politically: End of feudalism – peasants revolted, led to growth of new political systems (monarchs had “national” power

Feudalism 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 100 Years War Crusades 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Battle of Hastings Magna Carta Black Death Battle of Tours Charlemagne crowned 100 Years War Crusades Battle of Hastings Magna Carta Black Death Battle of Tours Charlemagne crowned