A Light in the Darkness Chapter 13

A Beacon of Light Roman Empire – – Laws and government – Culture: architecture, art, literature – Religious tolerance – Rich resources for living

Dark ages – AD – Tribal living – Opposed central gov – Settled disputes with war/killing – Worshipped pagan gods (Thor and Wotan) – Illiterate – Could not farm

Church brought God’s peace and His Word – Protected innocent people – Preached Gospel – Tried to build a society – Negotiated with tribal leaders – Bishops ran city if civilians were unavailable

The Light of Missionaries Pope St. Gregory the Great – Led the Church during these difficult times – Organized Rome – Took care of poor – Negotiated peace – Letters to instruct Catholics

– Reformed the liturgy – Compiled Church music Gregorian chant – He sent monks around the world to evangelize

Missionary monks; – Made laws in towns – Taught people reading, writing and math – Showed people how to farm – Showed people how to set up shops and trade – Preserved culture, doctrine and the Bible by copying manuscripts This how the Church lit up the world during the Dark Ages

Western Monasteries Fear from the invasion made life unstable Monte Cassino, Italy – Saint Benedict established a life of stability – Work and prayer – Ora et labora

Benedictines established a stable life for the tribes

Conquering the World with Virtue Virtues – – Lead us to live in a close relationship with God – Need to be practiced Three most impt virtues The Theological Virtues Faith Hope charity

Faith – belief in one God belief in Jesus as our savior Hope – we hope for eternal life Charity – love our neighbors as ourselves

Cardinal Virtues Cardinal (lt) hinge – On which other things depend Virtues: – Prudence – Justice – Fortitude – temperance

Prudent – in decision making Just – in our dealings Strong – in our determination to do right Temperate – in our use of things.

Augustine of Canterbury was a Benedictine monk who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597. He is considered the "Apostle to the English" and a founder of the English Church.

Benedict of Nursia is a Christian saint, honored by the Anglican Church and the Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students.

Saint Boniface, the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid, in the kingdom of Wessex, He was a missionary who propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century.

St. Margaret See pg 98 of text

Cyril and Methodius See pg 98 of text

Giants of the Age Charlemagne – – a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 771, – Pope Leo III ( ) crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. – Protected Pope and Church – Made laws that supported the Church – Made schools – All Europe linked to the Church

– Sent churchman and layman through kingdom to check on local affairs – Directed both church and civil affairs – Soon difference between church and state became blurred – Church leaders turned into gov leaders who grew rich and powerful – They forgot their oath to God videos/the-reign-of- charlemagne#charles- martel-repels-the-moors

Pope Gregory VII – Refocused the Churches main direction – Pope appoint bishops not kings