 End of the Terror  End of the Committee of Public Safety  Jacobin club shut down  Churches reopened - the end of dechristianization  Economic control/regulation of the economy ended  A new more stable and conservative constitution written

1. Two chamber/part legislature - the Council of 500 and the Council of Elders 2. Executive branch = the 5 Directors ran the govt - they were chosen by the Council of Elders 3. In October 1795 radical people in Paris try to overthrow the Directory - the government uses the army (Napoleon) to crush them 4. The government of the Directory relies on the military to stay in power

 Stagnation, corruption, and government greed  A time of materialism and flaunting of wealth  The Directory was hated by political enemies on the left and right  On the right - royalists hated and wanted a return of the monarchy  On the left - radical/Jacobins hated it and wanted a return to the time of Robespierre and the Committee

 wanted to overthrow the directory  wanted to eliminate private property and private businesses - make economic equality  Led “the Conspiracy of Equals”  The conspiracy was crushed in 1796 and Babeuf was executed in 1797

 Napoleon dominates European history from  Napoleon ended the French Revolution in but he claimed he personified the revolution …”I am the revolution”

 Born in Corsica in 1769  Son of a lawyer who was from the minor nobility  Wins a scholarship to study at a military academy in France  Earns a commission as an officer in the French army  Trains in artillery command = cannons  Spends a 7 year period becoming intensely self- educated in science, philosophy, military history, etc.  By the age of 25 he has risen to the rank of Brigadier General in 1794  In 1796 he is made commander of French armies in Italy

 Napoleon defeats the Austrians and drives them out of Italy

 begins to plan an invasion of England then cancels the invasion

 1798/ leads and invasion of Egypt which will attempt to then move to threaten India  British fleet cuts off supplies going to the French army in Egypt  Napoleon bails out on and abandons his army in Egypt…returns to France but is still seen as a hero The Battle of the Pyramids

 the “coup of Brumaire”… Napoleon is invited to participate in the overthrow of the government of the Directory

 after the overthrow of the Directory Napoleon is given the position of “First Consul”…he is the leader of a three man executive body leading the new govt  Napoleon has himself elected “consul for life”  Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France = Emperor Napoleon I The Coronation of Napoleon as Emperor – painted by Jacques Louis David