EuropeAid The Urban Dimension in the European Development Policy Raul MATEUS PAULA EuropeAid, Centralised operations for ACP countries

EuropeAid 2 Urban development : Definition Urbanisation is above all :  A spatial expansion process (where people form communities over a small area)  A social process generating contradictions  A refuge during armed conflicts/instability

EuropeAid 3 Urban development : Definition Three conditions  A surplus of agricultural production for feeding the non-producers  Trading mechanisms for the distribution of goods  Political regulations governing the use of the surplus by non-producers

EuropeAid 4 Urban development : Challenges A major sector for development aid, considering that :  Urbanisation is a planetary phenomenon  Urbanisation is inevitable and irreversible

EuropeAid 5 Urban development : Challenges A great challenge :  Manage the phenomenal growth of the urban population  Deal with the related problem of slums  Deal with the climatic change (adapt and mitigate)

EuropeAid 6 Urban development : Response Recognize the positive role of urbanization for economic and social development, as well as and cultural changes Recognize the existence of pockets of high poverty Adapt the scale of interventions at the regional and local level Emphasize the urban dimension of infrastructure projects Build resilience to disasters

EuropeAid 7 Urban development : Response Reinforce the territorial dimension of institutional reforms by decentralizing and by supporting local governments management Support the fight against poverty via cross-cutting issues in relation with urban development: health / environment / gender considerations / good governance / migration issues

EuropeAid 8 Urban development : type of EC-funded projects 3 areas of cooperation : Rehabilitation and reconstruction of basic urban infrastructures following conflicts and natural disasters Risks reduction and disaster prevention Urban operations –Buildings for health and education, markets, judiciary… –Solid and liquid waste management –Technical assistance to municipalities / urban micro projects –Slum upgrading and improving living conditions in towns –Cultural heritage protection and preservation of historical sites and buildings –Local economic development and micro-finance

EuropeAid 9 EC presence in the ACP regions In all ACP ad-hoc operations, mostly of social/transport/water character. - LRRD activities, as part of security and recovery strategy (RDC, Haiti, Liberia…) - with UN-HABITAT: “Slum Uprgrading Programme in 30 ACP countries” : urban profiles and action plans to identify areas for support and build a framework for long term interventions 4 M€, started in with WB Trust-fund “Cities Alliance”: Anti-slum strategies and urban poverty reduction, EC participation of 0.75 M€, approved 2007 In South Africa Many urban programs ranging from local economic development, municipal strengthening, to urban infrastructures.

EuropeAid 10 DEV-URB Statistics

EuropeAid 11 DEV-URB Statistics

EuropeAid 12 Possible themes for future cooperation (other than rehabilitation/recontruction)  Describe and orient the cities development (cartography, land-use and master-plans…)  Cities governance (institutional reinforcement of municipalities…)  Urban economics (equilibrium between affordability and cost-recovery…)  Housing and land tenancy issues  Access to basic services (health/education, water supply/sanitation…)  Urban mobility (identify the needs, global strategy…)  Urban security and safety  Sustainable cities (environment, urban/rural relationship, local economic development…)  Mitigation of climatic change impact (reinforcement of critical infrastructures, C0² limitation strategies…)  Inter-city cooperation (both north-south and south-south)  Preservation of the cultural heritage

EuropeAid 13 MDG urban paradox MDG objective 7.3: « Ensure environmental sustainability – achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million dwellers by 2020 » targets approximately 10% of the existing “stock”, but the slum population will continue to rise up to 1,5 billion by Conclusion : Slum inhabitants will be multiplied by FIVE in comparison to those whose life, in the meanwhile, would have been improved…

EuropeAid 14

EuropeAid 15 Towards sustainable urban development - 1

EuropeAid 16 Towards sustainable urban development - 2