The quotes below from George Washington’s 1796 Farewell Address advocated what policy toward foreign nations? direct involvement c. colonize other nations b. favor only one country d. neutrality

First U.S. Government Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty Challenge Response 1. Travel freely on Mississippi River Pinckney’s Treaty From Spain 2. U.S. goods stored at New Orleans port duty free 3. 31st parallel is U.S. southern border Jay’s Treaty From Britain British to leave Ohio Valley by 1796 2. Pay damages for U.S. vessels seized Pass laws requiring neutrality From France 1793, Washington declares U.S. would remain neutral

Washington’s legacy: “Father of His Country” Led Continental Army to victory over Britain in American Revolution President of Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia First U.S. President Established customs of the executive department Proclaimed U.S. neutrality in foreign policy Built strong central government Created an effective tax system Established National Bank

Washington on politics . . . p. 328 Let me now . . . warn you . . . against the [harmful] effects of the spirit of party. . . . This spirit, unfortunately exists in different shapes in all governments . . . but in those of popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worst enemy. George Washington, Farewell Address 1796 What is the effect of politics on the democratic process? (consider our modern day govt.)

Today’s learning targets: T1 – Describe the reasons political parties grew T2 – Summarize the issues dividing Americans during the Adams presidency & the conflict over states’ rights

What did Washington mean by the “Harmful effects Of the spirit of party”? Why might Washington’s advice to avoid political Parties be hard to follow? Why would he decline a third term? What did he warn against in his farewell address? Warned against the “spirit” of political parties & political division - Stay out of European affairs (remain neutral)

The First Political Parties A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government Political Party = It also backs candidates for office Federalists: Formed by Hamilton and friends. The party name Reflected their belief in a STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT of the federal system Reflected the growing trade & cities. Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.

The First Political Parties A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government Political Party = It also backs candidates for office Democratic – Republicans: ( roots are Anti-Federalist, Ch.8) Founded by Jefferson & Madison. reflected their strong belief in democracy & the republican system (STATES’ RIGHTS) Reflected a rural nation of farmers. Attracted farmers & workers .

The First Political Parties Democratic – Republicans: Reflected a rural nation of farmers. Attracted farmers & workers . Federalists: Reflected the growing trade & cities. Attracted northern merchants & manufacturers.

Which statement best describes the main role of Political parties? They administer different departments of national government They represent the political views of different groups in society C. They conduct elections among minority citizens D. They direct the activities of congressional committees

The Birth of Political Parties Jefferson (Democratic- Republicans) Hamilton (Federalists) Strict / gov’t can only do what is listed Interpretation of the Constitution? Loose / flexible Elastic Clause Vision of the Economy? Based upon trade & manufacturing Based upon farming Supported lower classes working class What social class did he favor? Supported upper classes Great Britain France Support which nation in foreign affairs?

1800s Policies – fill in support or oppose & why Democratic- Republicans Federalist Tariffs (p. 316, 343) Paying off state debts p. 315-316) National bank p. 316-317) Whiskey tax p. 321 Alien & Sedition Acts (p. 330-331,339) French Revolution (p. 322)

Specific Policies of Federalists & Democratic Republicans (p. 328-329) Opposed tariffs hurt competition Favored protective tariffs Tariffs Paying off state debts Favored Opposed Opposed, distrusted National bank Favored Opposed, seen as unfair Whiskey tax (p. 321) Favored raising revenues Alien & Sedition Acts (p. Favored/limit criticism Opposed, limited free speech/press French Revolution Opposed Supported

Read “John Adam’s Administration” p. 329 What role did political parties have in the election of 1796? 2. What was noteworthy of the 1796 election results? First election in which political parties competed & resulted in a president & vice president from different parties.

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4% Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 68 49.3% Thomas Pinckney South Carolina 59 42.8% Aaron Burr New York 30 21.7% Samuel Adams 15 10.9% Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut 11 8.0% George Clinton 7 5.1% Other - Total Number of Electors 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast 276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results Adams Jefferson

3. XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy How does this cartoon demonstrate the American Attitude toward France? What was the source of tension between the U.S. & France?

XYZ Affair & American Foreign Policy 3. What effect did the affair have on U.S.-French relations? Anti-French feelings in U.S. & cancellation of all treaties - U.S. navy begins to seize French vessels

opinions damaging to the govt (sedition) Arrest or deport aliens Increased waiting Period from 5-14 Years for U.S. citizenship 4. Alien & Sedition Acts, 1798 Outlawed expressing opinions damaging to the govt (sedition) Arrest or deport aliens during wartime

5. What did these resolutions declare? the Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 & 1799 Based upon the theory of: States’ Rights “that states had rights that the federal gov’t could not take away & Virginia Resolutions “and that states could nullify the federal law within its state These resolutions declared that the Alien & Sedition Acts were unonstitutional.

Presidential Election of 1800 You are the campaign manager for one of the political parties. Design a poster for your party summarizing the parties view on the following issues: 1. Foreign Policy (France) 2. Alien & Sedition Acts 3. View of Tariffs 4. States’ Rights v. Fed. Govt (Constitution) 5. Goals of your Political Party Choose one: Federalist Democratic- Republicans

Review & study the political party Chart on p. 329 Turn to your neighbor and quiz on each idea Put the following U.S. Presidents in proper term sequence: John Adams, George Washington Political Party? 1. 2. 3.