APA Part 1 – Test citations APA Citing: What Do You Remember? Video: 1 min. 10 sec.

Example Article: Format This on a Piece of Paper

Pick the Correct Text Citation Text citation: a.(Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011) b.(Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011) c.(Lee et al., 2011). d.(Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011). Text citation: a.(Lee, Zhang and Yin, 2011) b.(Lee, Yin, Zhang, 2011) c.(Lee et al., 2011). d.(Lee, Zhang, & Yin, 2011).

1.Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5, Pick the Correct Reference Citation 1.Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27(5), Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (2011). “A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community.” Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 5 (Jul 2011): pp Lee, H. C.-K., Zhang, Z., & Yin, H. (July, 2011). A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of a Professional Learning Community. Teaching and teacher education: An international journal of research and studies, 27, 5,

APA Part 1 – Test citations APA Citing: Part 1 – Text Citations Video: 13 min. 30 sec.

APA Resources  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.)  APA help / tutorials: APA Library Guide – see video tutorials APA’s Style site and blog: and APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2012) PDF file

When to Cite Ideas, theories, or research that directly influenced your work. Key background information, support or dispute your theory, or offer critical definitions or data. Document all facts and figures that are not common knowledge. For class assignments, use 1 or 2 of most representative sources for each key point. Literature reviews are more exhaustive. See APA (6th ed.), p. 169

Text and Reference Citations Two types of citations - text citations and reference citations

Direct Quotes Text citation (paraphrased): McPherson (2012) raised issues about motivation in reading. Reference citation -- used in reference list: McPherson, K. (2012). Harry Potter and the goblet of motivation. Teacher Librarian, 34(4), 71. doi: / Text citation with direct quote: McPherson (2012) coined the phrase “goblet of motivation” (p. 71).

Citing Resources in Text Research (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... [in alphabetical order] Several comments (Obama, B., 2011; Obama, M, 2012; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b) See APA manual, pp Citing Resources in Text

Research (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... [in alphabetical order] Several comments (Obama, B., 2011; Obama, M, 2012; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b) See APA manual, pp Citing Resources in Text

Research (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... [in alphabetical order] Several comments (Obama, B., 2011; Obama, M, 2012; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b) See APA manual, pp Citing Resources in Text

Research (Fink, 2007) confirmed the results of cloning. The website did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.). A couple of studies (Gehring & Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... [in alphabetical order] Several comments (Obama, B., 2011; Obama, M, 2012; Smith & Jones, 2009a, 2009b) See APA manual, pp Citing Resources in Text

When to Use Ampersands and Commas Stating vs. citing Quinlan and Bardeen (2007) published a definitive study on information literacy in higher education. but Information literacy needs to be integrated into the curriculum (Quinlan & Bardeen, 2007).

Stating vs. citing Quinlan and Bardeen (2007) published a definitive study on information literacy in higher education. but Information literacy needs to be integrated into the curriculum (Quinlan & Bardeen, 2007). Three or more authors cited, use commas Researchers (Creswell, Borg, & Allsop, 2004) have found that this is true. Creswell, Borg, and Allsop (2004) found that this is true. Ampersands and Commas in Citations

Differences in Text vs. Reference List Tunon and Ramirez (2012) found that... … in the study (Tunon & Ramirez, 2012). Tunon, J., & Ramirez, L. (2012). ABD or EdD? Journal of Academic Librarianship, 10(2), See APA manual, pp. 177,.

Six or More Authors in Text vs. Reference List Text citation for six or more authors: Wienhorst et al. (2010) found that …. Reference citation with more than seven authors: Wienhorst, S., Jones, R. E., Smith, T., Stonebraker, W., Schaefer, A., Johnson, M.,... Allsop, S. (2010). What... See APA manual, pp. 177, 184, 198. List the first six authors and last author. Separate with ellipses.

Three to Five Authors Citations in text: Quinlan, Jones, Byron, and Montgomery (2008) stated… Quinlan et al. (2008) observed… (et al. is used after first use when there are three or more authors) Parenthetical citations in text: (Quinlan, Jones, Byron, & Montgomery, 2008) (Quinlan et al., 2008) One work by six or more authors: Wienhorst et al. (2009) (Wienhorst et al., 2009) See APA manual, p. 177 Always use et al. for six or more authors for in- text citations.

In another case, Scanlon, Gallego, Duran, and Reyes (2005) found that the results should be “based on assumptions that individuals are capable of self-directed and self-initiated learning” (Methods section, para. 7). “The qualitative research methods discussed by Durango were challenged by Bambang and Totonumu” (Pival, Falcao, & Quinlan, 2009, “Problems with Qualitative Research,” para. 5). “It is reassuring to believe that circumstances are against you” (Silva, 2007, Chapter 2, Specious Barrier 1 section, para. 2). Text Cites of Electronic Resources See APA (6th ed.), p. 172, APA Style Guide (2012), p. 17. Use name of section. Use shortened section title in quotation marks.

Text Cites of Electronic Resources In another case, Scanlon, Gallego, Duran, and Reyes (2005) found that the results should be “based on assumptions that individuals are capable of self-directed and self-initiated learning” (Methods section, para. 7). “The qualitative research methods discussed by Durango were challenged by Bambang and Totonumu” (Pival, Falcao, & Quinlan, 2009, “Problems with Qualitative Research,” para. 5). See APA (6th ed.), p. 172, APA Style Guide (2012), p. 17. Use name of section. Use shortened section title in quotation marks. In another case, Scanlon, Gallego, Duran, and Reyes (2005) found that the results should be “based on assumptions that individuals are capable of self-directed and self-initiated learning” (Methods section, para. 7). “The qualitative research methods discussed by Durango were challenged by Bambang and Totonumu” (Pival, Falcao, & Quinlan, 2009, “Problems with Qualitative Research,” para. 5). “It is reassuring to believe that circumstances are against you” (Silva, 2007, Chapter 2, Specious Barrier 1 section, para. 2).

Groups as Authors Citations in text: The American Psychological Association (APA) observed… American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) stated… Parenthetical citations in text: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter. See APA manual, p. 176 Use parentheses. Must use acronym thereafter.

No Back-t0-Back Parentheses Citations in text: The American Psychological Association (APA) observed… American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) stated… Parenthetical citations in text: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2009) NOTE: Use (APA, 2009) thereafter. See APA manual, p. 176 Use brackets. No back- to-back parentheses.

Secondary Sources Freud ’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (as cited in Dickerson, 2012) … Dickerson, L. (2012). Freudian concepts of id, ego and superego applied to chemical and other addictions. New York, NY: Universe. Text citation: List the primary source in the reference list entry:

Personal Communications: Only Cite in the Text (L. Acosta, personal communication, June 15, 2012) Interviews gathered in an ethnography where the names of participants are not revealed Handouts not posted on website or available elsewhere Lectures that cannot be retrieved by other researchers (Blackboard, WebCT, Desire2Learn, Moodle, etc.) Restricted s and not visible to the entire group Personal conversations Personal letters that are not accessible in an archive

Entire Websites Cited See the data sets provided by the NCES ( President Obama has used Twitter ( and Facebook ( effectively in both the 2008 and 2012 campaigns. Entire websites are not included in the reference list. The APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2012) is a useful source for updated information on APA formatting or look at the main page on the APA Library Guide (

Direct Quotes “Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Let Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212). Direct quote APA manual, pp Paraphrasing

“ Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212). When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing reform in education the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2008). Direct quote Paraphrased More than 50% reworded APA manual, pp

Provide Page Number with Direct Quote “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. “… was defined as having leadership qualities ” (Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001, p. 346). See APA, Chapter 6, p When using a direct quote, provide the page #:

When Page Number Is Separated from the Author/Date “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. “… was defined as having leadership qualities ” (Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001, p. 346). See APA, Chapter 6, p Page number can be separated from author/date:

Comma Used After Clauses “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Although Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not entirely valid” (p. 22), he later argued that other studies reached different conclusions. “… was defined as having leadership qualities ” (Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001, p. 346). See APA, Chapter 6, p Comma used after clause

Book Title Substituted for Author “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Although Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not entirely valid” (p. 22), he later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. “… was defined as having leadership qualities ” (“Transformational Leadership”, 2001, p. 346). See APA, Chapter 6, p Entry title substituted for author

Book Title Substituted for Author “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Although Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not entirely valid” (p. 22), he later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. “… was defined as having leadership qualities ” (“Transformational Leadership”, 2001, p. 346). (Freud, 1900/1953) (miller, ) (Pinzer, [ca. 2011]) See APA, Chapter 6, p Republished Book and Using Circa

Quotes Introduced by a Clause The principal stated, “Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (Tunon, 2006, p. 34), but she concluded that they always summarized the essential content of the paper. In midsentence Quotes must be introduced. Tunon (2006) found that “instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (p. 34). At end of a sentence See APA, pp. 92, 171

Quotes Integrated into Sentence The principal stated, “Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (Tunon, 2006, p. 34), but she concluded that they always summarized the essential content of the paper. In midsentence Quotes must be introduced. Tunon (2006) found that “instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments” (p. 34). At end of a sentence See APA, pp. 92, 171

Text vs Block Quotes The abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and “should summarize the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2009, p. 34). Direct quote for less than 40 words: Block quote (more than 40 words): Students at Nova Southeastern University have faced challenges in learning how to use APA formatting. When discussing the challenges, Strunk (1922) stated: Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book, journal, brochure, or report when used in the body of the paper. Use a short title in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list. (p. 342) Callahan (2001), however, says …. Note where the periods go! APA manual, p. 92

When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example: “... validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p. 233). Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), In the reference list: –Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters, conference proceedings. For example: Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp ). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

When to Include Page Numbers in the Text and Reference List In the text, the page number is required for direct quotes and optional for paraphrased content. For example: “... validated findings” (Turner, 2012, p. 233). Turner, J. T. (2012). The circle of learning. Reading Teacher, 23(5), Use pp. in the reference list for the following: Newspapers, newsletters, book chapters, conference proceedings. For example: Turner, J. (2009). Piaget’s reading theories (pp ). New York, NY: Scarecrow Press.

Test yourself – Text Citations 1.The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, no date) or 2.The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, n.d.) or 3. The research project (Smith, Brown, & Jones, no date) or 4. The research project (Smith, Brown, and Jones, n.d.)  1.Two research studies (APA, 2002; Barnes, 2005) or 2.Two research studies (Barnes, APA, 2002) 

1. MacDougall (2004, p. 34) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented”. or 2.MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented” (p. 34). or 3. MacDougall (2004) stated that “the Information Literacy Model needed to be implemented.” (p. 34)  Test Yourself – Direct Quotes

APA Part 2 – Reference Citations APA Citing: Part 2 – Reference Citations Video: 11 min.

Document Type: Not Delivery Method or Format

Formatting Article Citation How to Cite a Journal Article in the Reference List

Author’s Names - Formatting Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), Author(s) See APA (6th ed,), p. 184 Initials, not first names. No title Ampersand (&), not the word and Comma before the ampersand.

Names In the reference list, one space between initials Brown, J. D. (2003). If author’s first name is hyphenated, retain hyphen Chin, E.-F., Barry, B., & Wilson, H. W. Do not include titles Arguellos, S., Ph.D. (2007). Bucher, J., Dr. (2005). Suffices Schaefer, W., III, & Schaefer, W., Sr. APA (6th ed.), p. 184

Year of Publication Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), Year of publication See APA (6th ed.), p. 185 Enclosed in parentheses Period after the parentheses No month or day if the publication is a journal, not a magazine, newsletter, or newspaper article.

Article Title Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), Article title See APA (6th ed.), p. 185 Only first word in title and subtitle should be be capitalized as well as any proper names. A colon between the title and subtitle, and A period at the end of the title. Only one space after the period, not two.

Journal Title Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), See APA manual, pp Journal title should have all important words capitalized. It is italicized The journal title is followed by a comma Journal title

Journal Information Citing Journal Articles Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), Volume, issue, and page number(s) See APA manual, p. 186 The volume number is italicized There should be no space between the volume number and issue number Enclose issue number in parentheses and follow by a comma Do not use p. or pp. for journal articles.

DOI Number Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), OR Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), doi: / Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online: = Preferred in the APA style guide: If the database has a Digital Object Identifier that functions as a unique identifier of the content and a link to the content, then use the URL version The APA manual only uses doi: / APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2012) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010) DOI number

Formatting of DOI Borman, W. C. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), doi: / Do not capitalize doi, and do not include a space before or after the colon. Break the number before most punctuation Do not include a period after the DOI number. See APA manual, p. 192

Example of a DOI

Book With Location and Publisher Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. APA manual, p. 202 APA Style Blog:

Book With URL URL Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from APA manual, p. 202 APA Style Blog:

Book With DOI DOI URL Traditional Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. New York, NY: Wiley. Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. Available from Brooking, D. E. (2010). Research on distance learning. doi: wiley APA manual, p. 202 APA Style Blog:

Citing Websites Entire website in text: National Center for Education Statistics [NCES] ( is a comprehensive statistical resource. Omit reference from reference list. APA Style FAQs --

Web Page Not Italicized Brooks, E. (1945). Common birds of Indiana. Retrieved from _Indiana.pdf APA Style FAQs

Retrieval Statement for Web Page Brooks, E. (1945). Common birds of Indiana. Retrieved from _Indiana.pdf APA Style FAQs

Archival vs. Changing Web Pages Brooks, E. (1945). Common birds of Indiana. Retrieved from _Indiana.pdf APA Style FAQs American Library Association. (2011). Membership policies. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from

Web Pages With No Author APA Style FAQs Reference citation: Indicators of school crime and safety: Executive summary. (2011). Retrieved June 11, 2012, from Local parents provided statistics (“Indicators of School Crime,” 2011). - If there is no author, put the title first and date second. - Use the title of the page in the parenthetical text citation. Web page in text: Reference citation:

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References Page References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, doi: / Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp ). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2009). Introductory concepts in information science. doi: / O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Alphabetical order, then by date 32 References Page centered

Hanging Indentations References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, doi: / Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp ). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2009). Introductory concepts in information science. doi: / O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Alphabetical order, then by date 32 References Page

Spacing References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, doi: / Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp ). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2009). Introductory concepts in information science. doi: / O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Alphabetical order, then by date 32 References Page

Alphabetical Order References Jones, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2006). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, Kushkowski, J. D. (1985). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, doi: / Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp ). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2009). Introductory concepts in information science. doi: / O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2008). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag. Page entitled References Hanging indentations Single space in citations Double space between citations Alphabetical order, then by date 32 References Page

Many Authors 1.Adam G. Riess, Alexei V. Filippenko, Peter Challis, Alejandro Clocchiatti, Alan Diercks, Peter M. Garnovich,... John Tonry. 2.Riess, A. G., Filippenko, A. V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnovich, P. M.,... Tonry, J. 3.Challis, P., Clocciatti, A., Diercks, A., Filippenko, A. V., Garnovich, P. M., Riess, A. G., et al. 

Test- Names 1.Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or 2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read.  Nothing precedes something APA (6th ed.), pp

Test - Chronologically 1.Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or 2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read. 1.Schroeder, L. (2008). Water rights in Oregon. or 2. Schroeder, L. (2004). Fighting for water rights.   APA (6th ed.), pp Arrange chronologically

Test - Alphabetically 1.Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or 2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read. 1.Schroeder, L. (2008). Water rights in Oregon. or 2. Schroeder, L. (2004). Fighting for water rights. 1.Jones, F. T. (2008). Birth of a nation. or 2.Jones, F. T. (2000). Fourth-grade students. or 3. Jones, F. T. (2008). Winning the war.    (2008a) (2008b) APA (6th ed.), pp Arrange the two 2008 citations alphabetically

Test - Authors 1.Brown, R. D. (2005). The flight of the bumblebee. or 2. Browning, A. J. (2003). Learning to read. 1.Schroeder, L. (2008). Water rights in Oregon. or 2. Schroeder, L. (2004). Fighting for water rights. 1.Jones, F. T. (2008). Birth of a nation. or 2.Jones, F. T. (2000). Fourth-grade students. or 3. Jones, F. T. (2008). Winning the war. 1.Palgreaves, D. J. (2001). Economics today. or 2.Palgreaves, D. J., & Baber, J. (1999). Dictionary of …    (2008a) (2008b) APA (6th ed.), pp One-author entries precede multiple- author entries

Part 4 Test Yourself – How Many Mistakes APA Citing: Part 3 – Test Yourself: How Many Mistakes? Video: 2 min.

Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Can you find 13 mistakes? (Using APA – 6th ed.) Test Yourself: How Many Mistakes?

Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Authors

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Date of Publication

Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Punctuation after Date of Publication

Barber, Dr. Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run -- Today’s administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Capitalization of Article Title

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Punctuation of Article Title

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Capitalization of Journal Title

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Punctuation after Journal Title

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Volume Number

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24(4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4), Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: 0-firstsearch.oclc.org.novacat.nova.edu/WebZ/ FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Issue and Page Number

Barber, Fran Gail (2005, spring/summer) Life on the Run -- Today’s Administrator Journal of management 24 (4). pp Retrieved 2/3/08 from FirstSearch Database: FSPrefs?entityjsdetect=:javascript=true:screensize=1:0 Barber, F. G. (2005). Life on the run: Today’s administrator. Journal of Management, 24(4), doi: / ) DOI in 2007 APA Formatting

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