The Future of Energy & Reduction in Greenhouse Emissions Applied Filter Technology April 22 nd, 2010

2 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation APPLIED FILTER TECHNOLOGY, INC. Applied Filter Technology (AFT) facilitates the conversion of waste stream BioGas into energy. The energy output can be broken into two markets: the production of electricity and the production of Natural Gas. BioGas is a mixture of methane and other gases produced from the decomposition of organic materials. It is produced naturally in landfills and from the processing of animal waste, sewage, crop waste, and cellulose and non-cellulose crops. 2

3 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation BIO GAS PERSPECTIVE A 1998 study by the United States Department of Energy concluded that in the US it is feasible to capture and use over a third of the biogas potential from landfills, animal waste and sewage or about 1.25 quadrillion BTU. If all this were used in transportation, it would displace 10 billion gasoline-gallon-equivalent per year. In the vehicle example this would reduce greenhouse gases by 500 million metric tons of CO2 per year or removing the emissions equivalent of 90 million light-duty gasoline vehicles from the road storage.

Applied Filter Technology Opportunity and Challenge of BioGas for Sustainability and Green House Emissions

Renewable Energy Cost Trends Levelized cents/kWh in constant $ Wind PV COE cents/kWh Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal COE cents/kWh Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office ( 1 These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data. Updated: October 2002

6 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management BIOGAS USE PRESENTS BOTH OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES The future will include the effective use of Biogas for plant operations, grid power, and energy security. Engines and turbines will continue to play a larger role in this market.

7 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Experience Applied Filter Technology Experience that matters: 167 operating systems on Biogas 167 operating systems on Biogas First system on exhaust catalyst 1997 First system on exhaust catalyst

SUPPLY AND DEMAND ENERGY SECURITY DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TREND CONSUMER APPEAL (“GREEN”) RELEASE OF “GREENHOUSE” GASES REGULATORY – EMISSIONS (SOx, NOx, CO - California, New Jersey) (SOx, NOx, CO - California, New Jersey) ENERGY CREDITS – CO2, Greenhouse MARKET DRIVERS

THE AMERICAS Changing attitudes and market drivers are creating a bright future for technology companies in biogas processing and power generation. THE PACIFIC RIM China is driving the demand for traditional fuels forcing other Countries in the region to seek higher cost sources, and utilize biogas for power generation THE OPPORTUNITY

10 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Market Overview The historical use of biogas as a secondary heat source for digesters is rapidly being replaced as a valuable resource for reducing operating costs. Drivers for change Include:  High cost of purchased energy  Aging equipment  Staff reductions  Plant upgrades  Equipment sensitivity  Environmental concerns  Green energy and carbon credits  Social conscience 10

SAGPack Systems System Capacities from small microturbines to natural gas quality

Custom Designs for Specific Applications

13 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Engineering Considerations Effective baseline data Effective baseline data Design simulation and modeling Design simulation and modeling Gas utilization equipment matching Gas utilization equipment matching Total Plant integration Total Plant integration Long Term O/M plan Long Term O/M plan Supplier Qualifications Supplier Qualifications

14 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Each BIOGAS has its own “Signature” Methane Gas Content Methane Gas Content Non-Methane Gas Fraction Non-Methane Gas Fraction Moisture Content Moisture Content Sulfur Species Content Sulfur Species Content Volatile Organic Contaminants Volatile Organic Contaminants

15 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management BIOGAS “A”BIOGAS “B” Methane CO 2 Water Other

16 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management C6 to C12 H2S Siloxanes HVOCs Oxy. VOCs Siloxanes HVOCs C6 to C12 Oxy. VOCs H2S BIOGAS “A” BIOGAS “B”

17 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management What are siloxanes? Siloxanes are organosilicons added to many personal care products and are present in almost all biogas. Typical levels are: Typical levels are: Landfills – 0.5 to 50 ppm v/v Landfills – 0.5 to 50 ppm v/v Digesters – 0.5 to 140 ppm v/v Digesters – 0.5 to 140 ppm v/v

18 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Type of Siloxanes Polydimethylsiloxanes - [Me 2 SiO] x - Polydimethylsiloxanes - [Me 2 SiO] x - (MM, MDM, MD2M) are highly volatile. (MM, MDM, MD2M) are highly volatile. Cyclomethicones [Me 2 SiO] x D3, D4, D5, D6 are not highly volatile D3, D4, D5, D6 are not highly volatile None are regulated as VOC or ODC. None are regulated as VOC or ODC.

19 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Polydimethylsiloxane Chemical Formula CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C Si O Si CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 MM

20 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Cyclomethicone Chemical Formulas Si O O O CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C D3 O OO O Si CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C D4

21 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management 5, Trimethylpropoxysilane Trimethylfluorosilane Tetramethylsilane Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) 3,42218, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) 2,45620, Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) 2,1558, Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) Octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) 8472, Hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) Pentamethyldisiloxane ,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane Methoxytrimethylsilane Butoxytrimethylsiloxane AverageHighLow No. of Hits Organic Silicon Species ppbv Range, ppbv Concentration

22 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Combustion of Siloxane D5 C 10 Si 5 H 30 O 5 (D5) + 15O 2 5SiO CO + 15H 2 O C 10 Si 5 H 30 O 5 (D5) + 15O 2 5SiO CO + 15H 2 O Mass: Mass: Or C 10 Si 5 H 30 O 5 (D5) + 20O 2 5SiO CO H 2 O Mass: A 140 CFM gas stream containing 0.5 ppm v/v D5, upon combustion will generate almost 60 pounds per year of silicon dioxide, the main constituent of sand.

Common Results Boilers and Engines

DEPOSITS FROM LOW LEVELS OF SILOXANES IN ENGINE

25 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Deposits are formed containing mostly silica and silicates (SiO 2 and SiO 3 ), but can also contain calcium, copper, sodium, sulfur, and zinc.

26 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Constituent or Contaminant Problems Requiring Attention in BIOGAS Treatment System Design and Operation NitrogenCorrosion NO x Emissions Remove for Pipelines CO 2 Corrosion Hampers VOC Removal Remove for Pipelines WaterCorrosion Inhibits Removal of Siloxanes, HVOCs Silicate Formation Remove for Pipelines H 2 S, Sulfides Corrosion Inhibits Removal of Siloxanes, HVOCs SO x Emissions Remove for Pipelines Siloxanes Silicate Formation Increase O&M $ Decrease Power Catalyst Poisons Remove for Pipelines Oxy. VOCs Inhibit Siloxane Rem. Inhibit HVOC Rem. Contaminate Condensate Produce Odors Hal. VOCs Corrosion Contaminate Condensate Contribute to Emissions Methane Reformer Poison

27 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Removal of hydrogen sulfide Gas chilling Removal of water vapor Removal of siloxanes Gas Compression Gas Drying Removal of halogenated organic species (low molecular weight contaminants containing bromine, chlorine, and fluorine); Separation of the methane from the carbon dioxide (methane content upgrade). Steps in Complete SAGPack TM Treatment Process

28 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management CIS TM Process in SAGPack TM Treatment System

29 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Moisture Removal in SAGPack TM Treatment Process

30 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management SAGPack TM System with H 2 S and Siloxane Removal

31 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Dublin San Ramon WWTP, CA

32 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Riverside WWTP, CA

Oro Loma SAGPack™ System Digester Gas-300 scfm

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Many Applications and Systems

36 March 30, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management City Brew, La Crosse WI

37 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Glacier Ridge, WI

38 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Madison, WI

39 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Tulare, CA SAGPack TM System

40 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Vehicle Fuels and Upgrade

41 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Regenerable Technology Options AFT SWOP TM (Thermal Swing Operated Biogas Purification Process) Refined Biogas Crude Biogas VOC Removal Vessel Regeneration Vessel Pneumatic Conveyance Dirty Media Clean Media Clean, Hot Regenerant Gas 300 to 600 o F VOC-Rich Regenerant Gas To Flare or Thermal Oxidizer From Inert Gas Generator Cooling Stage

Detail of Mixed Media

Biogas with water, hydrocarbons, siloxane and H 2 S Cleaned Biogas Media with contaminants Regenerated media Water and liquid hydrocarbons (with siloxane) H 2 S oxidation reactor Sulfur capture SiO 2 capture Hydrocarbon oxidation reactor Carbon filter Vent Microwave Reactor Media adsorber Nitrogen Microwave Regeneration and Oxidation

Microwave Regeneration and Oxidation Reactor System

45 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Capabilities Project feasibility and gas testing System design and supply Removal of Sulfur, moisture, VOC, siloxanes Gas Upgrading System Operations Long Term Service Support 45

46 April 22, 2010 Technical Presentation Total BIOGAS Quality Management Summary The AFT Difference Packaged Systems matched to end use products Long Term System Support with trained service people Sales and support thru the established network of dealers Parts and Service provided and supported by AFT Plug and Play treatment processes on each site specific gas Proper sizing and design of treatment processes Ongoing BIOGAS influent and effluent testing to assure consistent engine performance