Chapter 5 Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth

Conception/Fertilization

Chances of Conception

Fetal Development zygote > morula > blastula > blastocyst

Pregnancy Detection HCG in urine or blood Hegar’s sign

PREGNANCY The First Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother

PREGNANCY The First Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother The Second Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother

PREGNANCY The First Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother The Second Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother The Third Trimester –Fetal development –Effects on the expectant mother

The Ninth Month of Pregnancy

Responsibilities of Pregnancy Prenatal medical care

Responsibilities of Pregnancy Prenatal medical care Exercise and physical activity

Responsibilities of Pregnancy Prenatal medical care Exercise and physical activity Diet and nutrition

Responsibilities of Pregnancy Prenatal medical care Exercise and physical activity Diet and nutrition The effects of drugs and alcohol

Responsibilities of Pregnancy Prenatal medical care Exercise and physical activity Diet and nutrition The effects of drugs and alcohol Sex during pregnancy

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects –Down Syndrome –Prenatal Testing Amniocentesis Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Ultrsound

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia Pregnancy-induced hypertension Ectopic pregnancy

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia Pregnancy-induced hypertension Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia Pregnancy-induced hypertension Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Preterm birth

Problems in Pregnancy Maternal risks Birth defects Rh incompatibility Toxemia Pregnancy-induced hypertension Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Preterm birth

Expectant Fathers Couvade syndrome

The Birth Experience: Labor

Childbirth Alternatives Birthplace options –Hospital –Free-standing birthing centers –Home

Childbirth Alternatives Birthplace options Pain Relief Options –Epidural anesthesia –Hydrotherapy

Childbirth Alternatives Birthplace options Pain Relief Options Delivery Options –Lamaze method –Midwife versus obstetrician –Doulas/trained labor coach

Childbirth Alternatives Birthplace options Pain Relief Options Delivery Options Medical Interventions –Episiotomy –Forceps –Vacuum extractions –Ceasarean section

Postpartum Issues Mood disorders Sex after delivery Breastfeeding

Infertility Inability to conceive a child for 1 year or more

Causes of Infertility Female Infertility –Anovulation –Blockage of reproductive tract –Endometriosis –Cervical factor infertility

Causes of Infertility Female Infertility –Anovulation –Blockage of reproductive tract –Endometriosis –Cervical factor infertility Male Infertility –Low sperm count –Low mobility –Malformation of sperm

Dealing with Infertility Surgical Procedures Superovulation In vitro fertilization Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) Artificial Insemination Embryo Transplants Surrogate mothers Adoption