Chapter 11 Race and Ethnicity
Definitions Race A socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted Traits that members of a society consider important © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Definitions Meanings and importance of race vary across time and place No society contains biologically “pure” people. More genetic variation within each racial “category” than between “categories” © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Definitions For most people, ethnicity is more complex than race Ethnicity–a shared cultural heritage The United States is a multiethnic society Like race, ethnicity is socially constructed © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Definitions Remember: Race is constructed from biological traits and ethnicity is constructed From cultural traits, such as ancestory, language, or religion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Minority General characteristics Distinct identity: Race, sex, sexual orientation, the poor Subordination: Often saddled with lower status © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Minority Stereotypes, stigma, and labeling Group size not always a factor Women in US outnumber men Blacks in South Africa outnumber whites © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Where the Minority Majority Already Exists Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2011) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prejudice Prejudice–A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people. Stereotype–An exaggerated description applied to every person in some category © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Measuring Prejudice The Social Distance Scale Student opinion shows a trend toward greater social acceptance. People see fewer differences among various minorities September 11, 2001, might have reduced social acceptance of Arabs and Muslims © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bogardus Social Distance Research © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Racism The belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another Racism has been widespread throughout US history where ideas about racial Inferiority supported slavery Overt racism in the US has decreased, but remains a serious social problem © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Theories of Prejudice Scapegoat theory Disadvantaged people who unfairly blame minorities for their own problems Authoritarian personality theory Rigid moralists see things in “black & white” Culture theory Prejudice is embedded in culture © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Theories of Prejudice Conflict theory Self-justification for the rich and powerful in the United States Minorities might cultivate climate of race consciousness for greater power & privileges © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
IQ: The Distribution of Intelligence © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discrimination Institutional prejudice and discrimination Bias built to operation of society’s institutions Carmichael and Hamilton: People are slow to condemn or recognize institutional prejudice & discrimination Because it often involves respected public officials and long-established practices © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Vicious Circle Prejudice and discrimination begin as ethnocentric attitudes Groups can be placed in a situation where they’re socially disadvantaged & labeled A group’s situation is explained as a result of innate inferiority rather than looking at The social structure; The cycle repeats itself © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Majority and Minority Patterns of Interaction Pluralism–People of all races & ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing Assimilation–Minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Majority and Minority Patterns of Interaction Segregation–The physical and social separation of categories of people Genocide–The systematic killing of one category of people by another © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Race and Ethnicity in the US Native Americans White Anglo-Saxon Protestants African Americans Asian Americans Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipinos © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Land Controlled by Native Americans, 1784 to Today © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Race and Ethnicity in the US Hispanic/Latino Americans Mexican, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans Arab Americans White Ethnic Americans © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
and Arab Americans, by County The Concentration of Hispanics or Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans, by County © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
and Arab Americans, by County The Concentration of Hispanics or Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans, by County © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
and Arab Americans, by County The Concentration of Hispanics or Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans, by County © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
and Arab Americans, by County The Concentration of Hispanics or Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Arab Americans, by County © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Race and Ethnicity: Looking Ahead The US will remain a land of immigrants. Most immigrants arrived in a wave that peaked about 1910 Immigration post WWII & swelled as govt relaxed immigration laws in 1960s Now: Immigrants from Latin America, Asia; Mexicans, Asian Indians, & Filipinos © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.