Chapter 9 Sports Psychology Jeffry Mathis & Minerva Duke-Caruso

Student Learning Objectives In this chapter we will: Discuss what sport psychologists do. Explain how sport psychology fits within Kinesiology. Describe how sport psychology evolved within the field of Kinesiology.

Student Learning Objectives Help you understand how sport psychology professionals engage in research and practice. Discuss what research tells us about personality, motivation, energy management, and group processes. Explain how intervention techniques are used to enhance participation in physical activity.

What IS sport psychology? A B C Science?

What Does a Sport Psychologist DO? Social-psychological factors that influence behavior and performance: Why are some individuals motivated to exercise and others not? Why do some athletes “ choke ” and others do not? Why do children drop out of youth sport programs? Is it better to exercise alone or in a group?

What Does a Sport Psychologist DO? Psychological effects derived from participation:

What Does a Sport Psychologist DO? Enhance experience for participants (ASP):

Where did sport psychology come from? When did it start? Body and mind

Where did sport psychology come from? A brief North American history: Norman Triplett 1898 Coleman Griffith Bruce Ogilvie & Tom Tutko

Research Methods

Personality

Sports Builds Character Does it really? Sports – The W

Sports Builds Character Sports – “ Sport doesn ’ t build character, people do. ” (Vealey, R.S. 2009)

Motivation External Internal

Competence Motivation Theory

Perceived Incompetence Perceived Competence More Enjoyment No Enjoyment Fewer Mastery Attempts

Developing Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsically motivated towards competence

Group Membership Team Cohesion / Team “ chemistry ” Teams with good cohesion perform better. Right?

Cohesion Causes

Team Factors

Mental Training

Visualization

Thinking Skills Self Talk Positive Negative Body focus Association Disassociation

Behavioral Strategies Goal Setting SMART Specific Measurable Action-oriented Realistic Time sensitive

AAAAAGGH!!! Stress, Anxiety, and Arousal

What ’ s the diff? Stress – (Selye 1983) Anxiety – Arousal –

Stress Stress – Perception Eustress Distress Both? Coping

Anxiety Anxiety – Multidimensional Trait Anxiety State Anxiety Cognitive Anxiety Somatic Anxiety

Arousal Arousal –

Research What is the relationship between arousal and athletic performance? Drive Theory Inverted U theory

Research How do we measure arousal? Yerkes & Dodson Bzzzzt! Bzzt

Yerkes Dodson What does it mean?

Catastrophe Theory Multidimensional