Energy FUN damentals. The Good News “The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy FUN damentals

The Good News “The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on its surroundings.” HUH? 1 st law of thermodynamics

The Good News The amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Forms of Energy mechanical (kinetic)

Forms of Energy heat (thermal)

Forms of Energy electrical

Forms of Energy Chemical 1

Forms of Energy Chemical 2

Forms of Energy Solar (radiant)

Forms of Energy Nuclear Fission

Forms of Energy Nuclear Fusion

Energy Transformations electrical light (radiant) + heat

Energy Unit Conversions 1 Btu = 1055 JJ (Joules) 1 Btu = 252 calBtu (British thermal units) 1 Cal = 1,000 calcal (calories) 1 Cal = 3.97 BtuCal (food calories) 1 kWh = 3413 BtukWh (kiloWatthours) 1 therm = 100,000 Btu

Energy Equivalents 1 barrel (bbl) crude oil = 5,800,000 Btu 1 gal gasoline = 124,000 Btu 1 ton (2,000 lbs) bituminous coal = 25,000,000 Btu 1,000 cubic feet natural gas = 1,035,000 Btu 1 gram Uranium (235U): Nuclear Energy = 78,400,000 Btu 1 gram Deuterium (2H): Sun Energy = 225,000,000 Btu 1 mass-gram any solid: E= mc 2 energy = 85,000,000,000 Btu

The Bad News What?

The Bad News Energy always flows downhill (from a hot body to a cold one)

The Bad News The disorder of a system can never decrease

When energy is transformed some energy is “lost”

When energy is transformed some energy is “lost” as heat

energy loss in a car

Generation of Electricity I

Generation of Electricity II

Generation of Electricity III

Generation of Electricity IV

Coal = Chemical  Heat + Light Steam = Heat  Mechanical + Turbine = Mechanical  Electricity Power Lines = Electricity  Electricity waste

Why doesn’t the earth run out of useable energy?

The Sun is pumping energy into the earth’s atmosphere 24/7

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