TEACHING APPROACHES

IT’S YOUR CHOICE You decide on the instructional approach & strategy You decide what is appropriate –given the needs of the learner, the learning outcomes and the resources available The teacher is the instructional decision-maker Discuss how various jurisdictions deal with this – Ontario, for example, curriculum does not suggest how to teach – Atlantic Canada – provides “suggested teaching strategies” GO TO CD – CURRICULUM –SHOW EXAMPLES

Teaching Approaches Transmissive –Knowledge & Skills presented to student Transactional – Students actively engaged in their learning Transformative – Students form their own understanding about the learning – Constructivism

TEACHING METHODS Direct Instruction Indirect Instruction Interactive Instruction Experiential Learning Independent Study

Research indicates that individuals retain about: 10% of what they read 20% of what they hear 30% of what they see 50% of what they both hear and use 70% of what they say 90% of what they say and do

DIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher Directed Transmissive Strategies/Methods include Lecture Explicit Teaching Structured Overview Compare and Contrast Didactic Questions Drill & Practice Activating Prior Knowledge –cues, questions, advance organizers Demonstrations Guides for Reading, Listening, Viewing

INDIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher Planned More student involvement – student not just a passive listener Moving from Transmissive to Transactive & Transformative Strategies/Methods include Problem-solving Document Analysis Concept Formation/Mapping Case Studies Inquiry Summarizing & Note-taking Reading for Meaning Reflective Discussion Creating Nonlinguistic Representations – graphic organizers, images, sketches etc.

INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION Teacher or Student Designed Students interact with other students, guests, peers, community members, others Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include Debates Role Playing Panels Brainstorming Peer Practice Discussion Laboratory Groups Co-operative Learning Groups Problem Solving/Study Groups Tutorial Groups Group Research Projects Interviewing

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING Teacher/student planned Students involved in simulated or real life experiences Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include: Historical Drama Role Playing Field Trips such as visits to historical sites, museums, archives, other Conducting Experiments Generating & Testing Hypothesis Simulations Games Model Building Surveys

INDEPENDENT STUDY Student works independently Teacher may give assistance if needed Transmissive, Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include: Computer Assisted Instruction Anchor Activities Distance Education Essays/reports Learning Activity Package Correspondence Lessons Learning Contracts Homework Independent Research Projects Learning Centres

IT’S YOUR CHOICE You decide which approach and which strategy will work best for the given situation – the needs of the learner, the nature of the learning outcome and the resources you have available Remember Time is a resource – you will need to consider the time it takes for some strategies – Is the time it takes worth the end result? It’s your decision