International operations- Exchange of scientific and technical knowledge

Agenda Definitions & Characteristics Classifications In modern conditions International protection of industrial property Patent and license(useless : what? how? when?)

Scientific knowledge The economics of scientific knowledge (ESK) is an approach to understanding science which is predicated on the need to understand scientific knowledge creation and dissemination in economic terms.

Technological knowledge The knowledge and abilities needed to accomplish mathematical, engineering, scientific or computer-related duties, as well as other specific tasks. Those with technical skills are often referred to as "technicians" in their chosen field, i.e. audio technicians, electronics technicians, engineering technicians, etc.

Classification of S & T Knowledge (1) independent and accurate testingindependenttesting (2) peer review(дружеская проверка) and publicationpeer reviewpublication (3) measurement of actual or potential rate of error andmeasurementrateerror (4) degree of acceptance within the scientific communitydegreeacceptancecommunity

Basic Characteristic features of the international exchange of technological knowledge in modern conditions are: - coordination of scientific and technological research; - contract cooperation; - conducting joint researches and development.

International protection of industrial property Industrial property — variety of intellectual property. Subjects of the industrial property are: patent on invention, useful simulations, pre-production model, trade marks and facilities marks, denomination of product origin, companies denomination, commercial labelling, intersection of unfair competition, topology of integral schemes, selective achievements.

Patent(what?) Patent – (Latin word, brevet) document which confirms exceptional rights of patent taker for invention, useful model or for pre-production model. Its also certifies privilege and copyright.

Patent (how?) - need to give application for taking patent to representative(commissioner) agency – Patent department of Republic of Tajikistan, which will expertise and defines conformity application decision by all legislature established demands (as formally, as essential). When expertise shows positive results Patent Department makes decision about issuance of patent, otherwise – decisions of refusing about issuance of patent. Refusing decision may further can be appealed in administrative agency – Appealing Chamber of RT – and initial decision department of presence of weighty(веских) basis can be changed. If Chamber will allow decision of experts of Patent department and refuse on giving patent, can be appeal in court order.

Patent (when?) If you want to protect or to use “your” invention. It is possible that situation, when you do not want “someone’s” and invent by yourself, new device, system, item. In that’s way you need to protect your invention from its illegal using, receiving for it - patent.

Summary of patent=> license

License and Licensing (what?) A permit from an authority to own or use something, do a particular thing, or carry on a trade (esp. in alcoholic beverages) In international marketing, an agreement by which a company (the licensor) permits a foreign company (the licensee) to set up a business in the foreign market using the licensor's manufacturing processes, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, etc., in exchange for payment of a fee or royalty.

Licensing (how?) Allowing another firm, for payment, to make use of a patent or trademark. This is a method of profiting by a patent without investment on the scale necessary to exploit an innovatory idea for oneself. The other possibility would be to sell the patent to somebody who could afford to exploit it, but licensing allows the inventor to retain ownership A government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to make, use, or sell an invention

Thank you!!