A few important concepts about punctuation Most information from Rude, Carolyn. Technical Editing, 4 th ed.

Key Terms Clause Independent clause Dependent clause

Key Terms Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate Independent clause Dependent clause

Key Terms Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand alone The teacher wanted to have class outside. Dependent clause

Key Terms Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand alone Dependent clause: contains subject and predicate, but cannot stand alone Although the teacher wanted to have class outside, …

Key Terms Conjunction Coordinating conjunction Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms Conjunction: joins clauses. Coordinating conjunction Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms Conjunction: joins clauses. Coordinating conjunction: joins clauses or sentence elements of equal grammatical value FANBOYS Subordinating conjunction

Key Terms Conjunction: joins clauses. Coordinating conjunction: joins independent clauses or sentence elements of equal grammatical value Subordinating conjunction: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause. Establishes that one is less important. After, although, as, because, once, since, that, though, till, unless, when, whenever, etc.

Key Terms Relative pronouns: Restrictive clause Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. Restrictive clause Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. Restrictive clause: essential to the definition Rock music is different than classical music Nonrestrictive clause

Key Terms Relative pronouns: relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. Restrictive clause: essential to the definition Nonrestrictive clause: meaningful, but not essential Different music types, such as rock and classical, appeal to different people.

Key Terms Parallelism

Key Terms Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure Bad While preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, music was playing on my radio, and some hefty guy joggled by my office window while I watched.

Key Terms Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure Good While preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, played music on my radio, and watched some hefty guy joggle by my office window.

Key Terms: Sentence Types Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

Key Terms: Sentence Types Simple: one independent clause Bobby ran. Compound: two independent clauses Bobby ran, and he tried not to fall down. Complex: one independent clause and one dependent clause Because he was being chased by a bear, Bobby ran quickly. Compound-Complex: two independent clauses plus a dependent clause The bear had been hibernating all winter and was hungry; therefore, when Bobby walked by with his bag of Fritos, the bear gave chase.

Basic Punctuation, ‘ - “ () — : ;. !