WMO I NTERCOMPARISON OF I NSTRUMENTS AND M ETHODS FOR THE M EASUREMENT OF S OLID P RECIPITATION AND S NOW ON THE G ROUND (WMO SPICE) O RGANIZATION OF THE E XPERIMENT CIMO-TECO Brussels, Oct 16 th, 2012

Page 2 – September 8, 2015 Rodica Nitu (1), O Aulamo (13), B Baker (3), M Earle (1) B Goodison ((15) J Hoover (1) J Hendrikx (10), P. Joe (1) J Kochendorfer (3), E Lanzinger (4), H Liang (6), L Lanza (12), S Landolt (2), R. Rasmussen (2), Y.A. Roulet (5), C Smith (7),, A Samanter (1), F Sabatini (8), E Vuerich (11), V Vuglinsky (14 ), M Wolff (9), D Yang (7) (1) Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, Canada, (2) National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO USA (3) NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 456 S. Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN, (4) Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frahmredder 95, Hamburg, Germany (5) Météo Suisse, Station Aérologique, Case postale 316, CH-1530 PAYERNE, Switzerland (6) China Meteorological Administration, No. 46 Zhongguacun, Nandajie, BEIJING , China (7) Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada (8) CNR-IBIMET, Institute of Biometeorology, Via Giovanni Caproni, 8, Florence, Italy (9) Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, Henrik Mohns plass 1, 0313 Oslo, Norway (10) Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, , U.S.A. (11) Italian Met Service – Air Force, Centre of Meteorological Experimentations, Via Braccianese Claudia, km 20, Vigna di Valle (Rome) Italy (12) DICAT - Department of Civil, Environmental and Territorial Engineering, University of Genoa, GENOVA Italy (13) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre, Sodankyla (14) State Hydrological institute, 2 nd Line 23, St.Petersburg, , Russian Federation (15) WMO, EC-PORS, GCOS, 7 bis, avenue de la Paix, CH 1211 Geneva 2,

Page 3 – September 8, 2015 SPICE Mission In consultation with stakeholders (Commission Hydrology, CAgM, World Climate Research Program – WG on Nowcasting, the Remote Sensing community, GCOS, EC-PORS, National Meteorological Services), it was agreed that SPICE will focus on: – recommending appropriate field reference system(s) using automatic gauges, for the unattended measurement of solid precipitation ; – providing guidance on the performance of automated systems measuring: ▪ (i) total precipitation amount, especially when the precipitation is solid; ▪ (ii) snowfall (height of newly fallen snow) and snow depth (snow on the ground). – understanding and documenting the differences between : ▪ a field reference system using an automatic gauge and different automatic systems,; ▪ automatic and manual measurements of solid precipitation, including siting, shielding, and configuration.

Page 4 – September 8, 2015 WMO SPICE WMO SPICE: a multi-site coordinated assessments of automatic instruments to measure solid precipitation. The migration from human to automatic observations: challenges with respect to the quality and continuity of hydro-meteorological measurements. Will investigate the measurement and reporting of precipitation amount, snow on the ground (snow depth), snowfall: –over various time periods (minutes, hours, days, seasons), –as a function of precipitation phase; –will address the linkages between snow on the ground and snowfall. Evaluate new and emerging technology for the measurement of solid precipitation and their potential for use in operational applications.

Page 5 – September 8, 2015 DFIR vs. DFAR The WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison (WMO/TD-No. 872 (1998)) defined the DFIR (Double Fence International Reference) as the complete system: the octagonal double-fence (DFIR-fence) and the Tretyakov gauge+shield placed in its centre. To differentiate from the complete DFIR system, the IOC decided to: – Use the term DFIR-fence when referring to the octagonal double fence only. – Use the term Double Fence Automatic Reference (DFAR): a field reference configuration using an automatic gauge (model not prescribed) in the centre of the octagonal double-fence.

Page 6 – September 8, 2015 Intercomparison Sites 15 sites in 11 countries; Will include: –Recommended field reference systems –Instruments under test ▪From Instrument Providers ▪Provided by the SPICE host (of interest for national applications) Ancillary measurements;

Page 7 – September 8, 2015 Participating SPICE Sites

Page 8 – September 8, 2015 Guthega Dam, Australia

Page 9 – September 8, 2015 Bratt’s Lake, Canada

Page 10 – September 8, 2015 Caribou Creek, Canada

Page 11 – September 8, 2015 CARE (Egbert), Canada

Page 12 – September 8, 2015 Sodankyla, Finland

Page 13 – September 8, 2015 Haukeliseter, Norway

Page 14 – September 8, 2015 Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland

Page 15 – September 8, 2015 Mueller Hut, New Zealand

Page 16 – September 8, 2015 Tapado, Chile

Page 17 – September 8, 2015 Marshall (Boulder) CO, USA

Page 18 – September 8, 2015 Hala Gasienicowa, Poland

Page 19 – September 8, 2015 Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan

Page 20 – September 8, 2015 Joetsu, Japan

Page 21 – September 8, 2015 Volga River, Russian Federation

Page 22 – September 8, 2015 Valdai, Russian Federation

Page 23 – September 8, 2015 CAE S. p. A PMB25R Meteoservis v.o.s & ZAMG MR3H-FC Environmental Measurements Ltd. UPG1000 Snow Hydro Limited TB3 AdolfThies GmbH&Co KG Precipitation Transmitter Hydrological Services America TBH/TBH-LP MTX s.r.l FAK015AA Participating Instruments: Heated Tipping Buckets

Page 24 – September 8, 2015 Belfort Instrument Company DDH MPS Systems TRwS204 Meteoservis v.o.s MRW500 GEONOR AS T-200B3 (600 mm) GEONOR AS T-200BM3 (1500mm) OTT Hydromet GmbH Pluvio 2 200cm 2 Snow Hydro Limited All-Weather Precipitation Gauge - NOAH II NIMH Bulgaria Sutron TPG-0001 Participating Instruments: Weighing Gauges

Page 25 – September 8, 2015 OTT Hydromet GmbH PARSIVEL 2 Campbell Scientific PWS100 AdolfThies GmbH&Co KG Laser Precipitation Monitor Droplet Measurement Technologies Meteorological Particle Sensor Participating Instruments: Non-Catchment type Instruments

Page 26 – September 8, 2015 Campbell Scientific SR50ATH-316SS Felix Technologies SL300 Hydrological Services America: Sommer GmbH & Co KG USH-8 ESW GmbH Jenoptik Snow Water Equivalent Campbell Scientific CS725 Participating Instruments: Snow Depth and SWE Instruments

Page 27 – September 8, 2015 SPICE Data Protocol Establishes the division of responsibilities regarding the data and results; Signed by all participants, indicating the commitment to respect the spirit of the intercomparison; Engagement of Instrument Providers: sharing of data from the instruments provided; No participant should use the SPICE results to gain commercial advantage; Publication guidelines.

Page 28 – September 8, 2015 SPICE Timelines Pre-SPICE: 2011/12: informal experiments guiding the definition of the intercomparison principles (e.g. reference, data management, configuration); NEXT TALK! Start of the formal Intercomparison: – Nov/Dec 2012 (Northern Hemisphere); – April 2013 (Southern Hemisphere) Duration: 2 full winter seasons; Results publication: – Final Report 1-2 years after the completion of the intercomparison; – Yearly project updates; – Partial or site specific results published (Publication Guidelines).

Page 29 – September 8, 2015 Thank you!