1 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Christian Schindelhauer

2 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Motivation The Internet –is the public global wide-area interconnection network for computers –grows exponentially –evolves The evolution of the Internet Crises and catastrophes –Computer hackers since the 70s –The traffic breakdown in the 80s –Denial of service attacks in the 90s –SPAM forever Clever algorithmic solutions –Secure protocols –TCP bandwidth control –DoS-detection –SPAM-filters

3 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Goals of the Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Literature recherche in a hot topic Write an survey on the state of the art Give a presentation on this field Interact with others on scientific research Provide material for –the community –future lectures and seminars –a book

4 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Organization See the Web-page Today:Registration Assignment of topics Next two meetings: Kickoff and feedback May 10th/17th: 2pm-6pm 1st presentation From May to July weekly (voluntary) meetings for consultation July 19th/26th: 1pm-7pm 2nd presentation August 1st (11:59 pm): Deadline for written assignment August 30th (2pm): Evaluation, grades and comments (voluntary participation)

5 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet The Deliverables 1st presentation –Duration 15 min. –Presents main issue strategy to get the work done 2nd presentation –Duration 45 min. –Survey of the research area Written assignment –5-10 pages (pure text without title, references, and figures) –Survey of the most relevant and interesting work in the assigned area

6 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet How it Counts for the Grade 1st presentation –0% 2nd presentation –25 % Written assignment –75 %

7 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet The Topics 1. The mobile Internet 2. P2P-networks 3. Web caching 4. Algorithms for Web search engines 5. The structure of the Web 6. Security mechanisms of the Internet 7. Denial of service attacks 8. Worms, viruses and spam 9. Epidemic algorithms 10. The Domain Name System (DNS) 11. Bandwidth allocation of TCP 12. Routing algorithms of IP 13. Broadcasting and Multicasting in IP 14. The self-organization of the Internet 15. Wild card

8 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Contents of Written Assignment Scientific survey on the assigned topic For broad audience interested in algorithms and Internet Table of contents for Tachyonic Networking 1. What is Tachyonic Network Transmissions (TNT) 2. Applications of TNT 3. How TNT began 4. The main streams of TNT 5. Recent developments in Tachyonic Networking and Computing 6. Focus: The TachyNet - A clever solution of TNT 7. Open problems and upcoming developments References

9 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet Format and Layout of Written Assignment American English Neutral style 5-10 pages (pure text without title, references, and figures) Accurate and correct citations and references LATeX, BibTeX Deliverables –LATeX source file –BibTeX file –Compiled PDF-output –As many referred text documents as possible Electronically if possible On paper if necessary

10 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 1. The Mobile Internet IP Tunneling Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Handhelds, PDA UMTS, WAP

11 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 2. P2P-Networks 1st generation –Napster, Kazaa, Gnutella Modern P2P-Networks –CAN, CHORD, Tapestry, … Visit the lecture Algorithmen für Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerke But do not copy (all)

12 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 3. Web Caching Relieving hot spots in the Internet Akamai Distributed Hash Tables Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003

13 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 4. Web Search Engines Commercial systems –Google, Alltheweb, Altavista, etc –look at websearchengineshowdown.com Algorithmic solutions –PageRank by Brin and Page (Google) –Kleinbergs HITS-algorithm Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003 and 2004 Contact Peter Mahlmann!

14 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 5. The Structure of the Web The WWW is made by individuals Yet the structure can be described by Pareto-distribution –number of links, size of connected components The graph structure of the WWW Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002 Link to Web search machines

15 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 6. Security mechanisms of the Internet Are there any? Is it all trust-based? Start your investigations for the search of the missing crypto-layer of TCP/IP at the secure shell protocol

16 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 7. Denial of Service Attacks A new problem from the 90s Solutions –Ingress filtering –Link testing –Logging –ICMP Trace back –Marking (!!!) Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2003

17 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 8. Worms, Viruses, and SPAM Definition How they spread How they work The perfect Antivirus-Software An Immune-System for Computers

18 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 9. Epidemic Algorithms Demers et al. –Epidemic algorithms for mirroring data bases –Idea: Spread information like a virus Some analyses and new ideas by –Karp et al. 2001, Randomized Rumor Spreading Take a look into the script Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002

19 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 10. The Domain Name System What is it? How does it work? Why is it so stable? Alternatives?

20 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 11. Bandwidth Allocation of TCP Very classical problem of TCP/IP Strangely enough network congestion in the Internet is healed in the transport layer and not in the network layer Start with the scripts –Algorithmische Grundlagen des Internets, Summer 2002 and 2003 Random early deletion (RED) New TCP-allocation for Tera-Baud-connections

21 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 12. Routing Algorithms of IP Start with the standard algorithms There are lots of theoretical work of routing algorithms Concentrate on such algorithms related to IP

22 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 13. Broadcasting and Multicasting in IP IPv4 and IPv6 foresee multicasting How does it work? How can it be improved? Is it possible to have TV on IP?

23 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 14. The self-organization of the Internet Official organizations of the Internet (IETF, …) The Internet and its self-regulation –socially and technology based

24 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUTE University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Christian Schindelhauer Seminar Algorithms of the Internet 15. Wild Card Did we miss something? Take a hot topic of your choice within this area. If everything fails, Ill help.

25 HEINZ NIXDORF INSTITUT University of Paderborn Algorithms und Complexity Thanks and lets go! Verteilte Algorithmen in Netzwerken Christian Schindelhauer