Grammar: ‘Have’ not ‘Of’, Parts of a Sentence, and Clauses This workshop will: −Refresh your understanding of grammar terminology - Cover ‘to have’ verb form; subjects and objects of sentences; simple, compound and complex sentences and different clause types for speakers of English −Provide on opportunity to practice and follow-on activities for you to be able to continue to improve your grammar. Louise Livesey Academic Skills Adviser

Today’s plan 1.Common mistakes - ‘Have’ not ‘of’ verb form 2.Parts of a sentence 3.Clauses

1.Common mistakes – ‘Have’ not ‘of verb form There is no form of the verb that uses ‘of’. Example: I should have or should’ve put the bin out before I left home.

2. Parts of a sentence A sentence must have a subject and a verb connected to it; it may also have an object. A SUBJECT ‘does’ the ‘doing’ or action of a verb, e.g. The DOG bit the cat – DOG is the subject as it is doing the biting. A VERB is the ‘doing’ part of a sentence, e.g. The dog BIT the cat – BIT is the verb as it is the action An OBJECT is the one that is having the ‘doing’ or action ‘done’ to it, e.g. The dog bit the CAT – CAT is the object as it is the thing that is being bitten.

Which is the subject, verb and object of the following? Bradford University attracts students from all over the world 2. Parts of a sentence

Complete and incomplete sentences To be complete, a sentence needs a subject and a main verb. As such, it carries an idea and makes sense on its own. But a sentence does not need an object. Example: The results of the experiment were recorded. subject verb

2. Parts of a sentence

Clear slide for me

3. Clauses A clause is just a building block of a sentence with each one adding to the overall detail of a sentence. A clause is a group of words that may or may not have a complete meaning on their own. A sentence may contain more than one clause, but must have one main clause.

3Clauses Main clauses: a sentence must have one a sentence may consist only of one clause Co-ordinated clauses: a sentence may consist of two main clauses that make sense of their own, linked by a conjunction – this is a compound sentence. Other clauses: a sentence may consist of a main clause and one or more other non-main clauses which would not make sense on their own; they may follow one another or one may be within another – this is a complex sentence. Other information: clauses are normally separated by commas a main clause does not does not have to begin a sentence a clause that is not a main clause does not have to have a verb or subject

Question: who can you go to in the university for proof-reading, assignment checking or assisted editing? Nobody

Clip art: alarm/tired/bricks/questions Cottrell, Stella (2008) The Study Skills Handbook, 3 rd. edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Jakeman, M., Harrison, V. and Paterson K. (2012) Improve your Grammar. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Pet care tips; advice and information (2012) Cat bitten by dog. Available at: (Accessed ) References

Academic Skills Advice Service Where are we? Chesham Building B0.23 What do we do? Support undergraduate students with their study skills by running clinics and workshops, having bookable appointment slots, and enabling students to drop-in for Instant Advice. Who are we? Michael and Helen specialise in Maths Support; Lucy and Russell advise students on study skills; and I (Louise) deliver the workshops When can you come for help? Everyday both face to face and on-line How do I get in touch? academic- or website skillsacademic-

Any questions?