 Scientific Method  Qualitative vs quantitative observations  Correct hypothesis statements  Types of graphs  Basic metric system units  Histograms and scatter plots

This class usees the 5 step Scientific Method : Observation/QuestionHypothesisExperimentResultConclusion

The batteries correct… WHO AMONG US HAS NOT HAD THIS VERY EXPERIENCE? This is the scientific method in action.

 Color, shape, feel, taste, sound. EXAMPLES: o Leaves are big and shiny o Flower is blue.

Quantity: How many. Will always have a number. Based on exact measurement. EXAMPLES: o Ave leaf size is 10cm. o There 18 leaves vs 10 leaves.

Hypothesis - A testable prediction Based on your observations. Is testable with an EXPERIMENT. Uses If…. Then….

 Use “If”, _________________(IV)_“Then” _____________________(DV)__format  If we drop a ball from a higher height, Then it will bounce higher. › “If” is the Independent variable. (IV) › “Then” is the dependent or responding variable. (DV)

 Use “If”, _________________(IV)_“Then” _____________________(DV)__forma t  Makes a prediction  Can be tested by an experiment

HYPOTHESIS If I add fertilizer to my plant then it will grow taller than the same plant without fertilizer OBSERVATION Some plants are taller than others

CONTROL GROUP receives “normal” treatment EXPERIMENTAL GROUP receives independent variable Plant will get: sunlight water soil Plant will get: sunlight water soil fertilizer A controlled experiment is a comparison of two or more groups with one difference between the groups

sunlight, water, soil  CONSTANT VARIABLE: factors that stay the same  INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the difference between the groups; the factor manipulated (changed) by the experimenter fertilizer  DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the measured result of the experiment; the factor that responds to the change plant height

What is being measured Units used (abbreviated) Tool used to measure Example LENGTHMeters (m) Kilometers km (1000 meters) Meter stickLength of my nails, distance from Chicago to NY city VOLUMELiters (L) Milliliters mL (1/1000 liters) Graduated cylinder Amount of liquid in a can of coke, amount of cough medicine in a teaspoon MASSGrams (g) Kilograms kg (1000 grams) scaleHow much weight I lost last summer, how much these bananas weigh

Graphing: What kind of graph should I use? 1. Variability within a group?  frequency plots frequency plot 2. Compare groups?  bar graph 3.Change through time?  line graph 4.Correlation between 2 things?  scatter plot

TITLE (Effect of ______ (IV) on __________(DV) AXIS LABELS (with units) INTERVALS (are even) LEGEND/Key (explains any symbols) SCALE (scale is proportional) 5 ELEMENTS OF ALL GRAPHS

DRY MIX (Dependent Responding Y axis) (Independent Manipulated X axis)

BAR GRAPH Title Key or Ledger Labels Y axis X axis

Bar graphs  Bar graphs compare groups  NO relationship between groups  Data is NOT continuous  Examples › Rainfall by month › Which candy students like Line graphs  Line graphs show TRENDS  There IS a relationship  DATA is continuous › You can go between the points and get a piece of data that is meaningful (interpolate)  Examples › Baby’s growth vs age › Test scores vs study time › Football touchdowns vs practice time

Is there a correlation Between husband and wife’s age? Yes there is a STRONG POSITIVE CORRELATION Scatter plots

Is there a correlation Between a person’s height and math test scores? NO! There is no Correlation between height and math scores on the test Scatter plots Person’s Height (ft) Math test scores