The Sandwich Mrs. Lombardo’s approach to using sources in writing YUM!

Using Sources in Text Quote Paraphrase Summary

APA Format Method of organizing sources when writing and researching

APA Format Reference Page: list of all sources used in paper In-text citation (aka: parenthetical documentation): briefly citing a source in the body of a paper. The in-text citation directs you to the fully detailed entry on the reference page.

Three ways to use a source Paraphrase Summary Direct Quote

Summary Broad description of someone else’s ideas in your own words. Hits the main idea(s) of a source must have parenthetical documentation.

Paraphrase Someone else’s ideas in your own words must be cited with in-text citation (parenthetical documentation)

Direct Quotes Direct quote is word-for-word what is written in the original source. Must have parenthetical documentation Must include quotations “ ” Should be used only when a paraphrase will not get across the same idea or effect. (such as if the source’s wording is unique)

In-text citation Needs 3 pieces of information: – Author (last name) – Publish date – Page number of specific detail used Always entered in the text of your body paragraphs, IMMEDIATELY following the information. Ex: (Smith, 2010, p. 21)

A Big Bet on Gluten-Free by Stephanie Strom industry-wagers-big-on-gluten-free.html?ref=nutrition&_r=1

Paraphrase Example Paraphrase: According to Stephanie Strom of the New York Times, the gluten-free market is growing and companies are responding. Though there is a portion of society who cannot have gluten due to health problems, it is much smaller than the nearly 30% of people who are contributing to the growth by saying they would like to eat less gluten (2014).

Summary Example Summary: According to a New York Times article, the gluten-free market is growing because of increasing demands (Strom, 2014).

Direct Quote sample The New York Times reports that gluten-free products are on the rise. Despite the fact that “a Mayo Clinic survey in 2012 concluded that only about 1.8 million Americans have celiac disease,” 30% of people would like to lower their consumption of gluten (Strom, 2014).

Reference Page Entry Last page of paper/document Alphabetical Information needed depends on type of source

Reference Page Ex. for Book: Smith, J. (2010). Smith’s guide to penguins. New York: New York Finest Publishing Ex. for Website: Williams, A. B. (2012, Jan. 4). The top ten facts about life. Retrieved: Feb. 20, 2012 from

The Sandwich Mrs. Lombardo’s approach to using sources in writing YUM!

The Research Sandwich Your ideas Quote, paraphrase or summary from source Your explanation of how this information relates to your topic and your overall point (your thesis)

The Sandwich Paraphrase A trip to the grocery store today reveals a new trend in American diets- gluten-free. More and more companies are developing products and many stores have complete aisles devoted to this trend. It may seem that gluten-free is being pushed down the throats of the public, but these corporations are only responding to the increase in demand. According to The New York Times, even though only a small portion of the society have a disease requiring them to give up gluten, nearly 30% of Americans wish to buy and eat less gluten (Strom, 2014). If the products have become that popular that a third of the nation wants them, companies need to keep up and will continue to manufacture gluten-free products to meet the demand.

The Sandwich Paraphrase A trip to the grocery store today reveals a new trend in American diets- gluten-free. More and more companies are developing products and many stores have complete aisles devoted to this trend. It may seem that gluten-free is being pushed down the throats of the public, but these corporations are only responding to the increase in demand. According to The New York Times, even though only a small portion of the society have a disease requiring them to give up gluten, nearly 30% of Americans wish to buy and eat less gluten (Strom, 2014). If the products have become that popular that a third of the nation wants them, companies need to keep up and will continue to manufacture gluten-free products to meet the demand.

References Strom, S. (2014, Feb. 17). A big bet on gluten- free. New York Times. Retrieved Feb. 27, 2014 from

Buying Food with Cash or Plastic by Tara Parker-Pope “In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card.”

Paraphrase Example Original: “In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card.” Paraphrase: According to Tara Parker-Pope of the New York Times, a new study which examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months has discovered that people are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (2010).

Summary Example Original: In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card. Summary: In an article in The New York Times, Tara Parker-Pope writes that a new study has proven people are more likely to buy unhealthy food when using a credit card (2010).

Direct Quote sample Original: In part of their study, the authors looked at the shopping behavior of a random sample of 1,000 single-member households who normally shop at chain stores. The authors looked at what these households purchased over a six-month period on each visit to the store, and how they paid for their items. Most of the households switched between card and cash payments on different trips (but the researchers did not randomly assign one form of payment versus another, so there may be some other lurking variables at play). In this analysis, consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card. According to a six month study on people’s spending habits, “consumers were significantly more likely to purchase unhealthy foods like cakes and cookies when using a credit or debit card” (Parker-Pope 2010).

The Research Sandwich Your ideas Quote, paraphrase or summary from source Your explanation of how this information relates to your topic and your overall point (your thesis)

Example Sandwich If I were writing a paper with the thesis: There are many factors that influence a person to buy and eat unhealthy food. This paper will discuss some of the reasons that drive people’s choices.

The Sandwich Paraphrase In our society people are constantly focused on coming up with new ways to resist the temptation of unhealthy foods. According to the New York Times, one study may suggest an answer- start using cash. The study examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months and discovered that shoppers are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (Parker-Pope 2010). Though many people use plastic payment methods because of how easy they are, it appears that credit cards are an excuse for some to buy unhealthy junk food and cash may be a better way to go.

The Sandwich Paraphrase In our society people are constantly focused on coming up with new ways to resist the temptation of unhealthy foods. According to the New York Times, one study may suggest an answer- start using cash. The study examined the shopping habits of 1,000 people over six months and discovered that shoppers are more likely to buy unhealthy foods with a credit card than they are with cash (Parker-Pope 2010). Though many people use plastic payment methods because of how easy they are, it appears that credit cards are an excuse for some to buy unhealthy junk food and cash may be a better way to go. YUM!

References Parker-Pope, T. (2010, Oct. 19). Buying food with cash or plastic. New York Times. Retrieved Oct. 19, 2010 from