LEARNING OF VALUES, BELIEFS, AND NORMS OF OUR SOCIETY. THE PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SOCIAL SKILLS WE NEED TO FUNCTION IN SOCIETY Socialization

How You Became You Heredity ? Family ? School ?Peers ? Culture ?

Nature Vs. Nurture Genetics Environment Heredity Interactions with others

Self Concept Image of your as having an identity separate from other people Children interpret how others react to their behavior

How do we react ?

Looking Glass self 1)We imagine how we appear to others 2)We imagine the reaction of others to our (imagined) appearance 3)we evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us

Looking Glass Self We see ourselves many different ways

Looking Glass Sometimes we look better than we think

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Significant Others Mom, Dad, Family members, playmates

Functionalist Perspective Stresses how socialization contributes to a stable society (Sharing common values) Groups work together to create a stable society through socialization Schools and families Network programming?

Symbolic Interactionism Theory of Socialization Socialization is the major determinant of human nature Challenged the old theories of behavior is biological

Conflict Perspective of Socialization A way for powerful to keep things the same People are socialized to accept their social class Elite at top control media and (television, newspapers, etc.) and set political agenda

George Mead Preparatory Stage – Imitation – 1.5 to 2 years – Imitates without understanding the behavior of a significant other

George Mead Play Stage Age 3-4 – Children engage in taking on roles – They no longer imitate, but pretend – Mom, dad, police officer, teacher

George Mead Game Stage – Children learn to respond to other people’s roles – Able to consider the roles of several people simultaneously (Baseball)

What is the Self Me –Created through Socialization Reflects on consequences of taking candy I-Spontaneous, Unpredictable, often creative I want that candy Can you think of other I – Me examples ?

Family Internalize norms, beliefs, values Develop capacity for intimate,personal relationships Acquire self-image

Socialization in schools Many times,first impersonal relationships Rewards and punishments are based on performance rather than affection Slowly taught to be less dependent emotionally on their parents

Socialization in schools Hidden cirriculum Informal aspects of culture are taught Name 5 Time! Rules and regulations for almost everything

Later Life Development: Adolescence 1.Importance of peers 2.Increased responsibility 3.Search for Identity 4.Pressure & concerns

Mass media and Socialization

Late Life Development Adulthood – Men Novice (17-32) – Psychological and economic independence. Conflict between exploring and settling. Settling Down Period (32-40) – Form adult commitments Mid-Life Transition (40-55) – Taking stock and assessing one’s life

Later Life Development Adulthood – Women Leaving the Family – Establishing an adult identity Entering the Adult World – Take on many roles: career, marriage, motherhood Entering the Adult World Again – Independence of children allowed women to re-enter the workforce

Theories of Personality Freud 1.The Id – basic drives, the selfish and instinctual part of human personality. Inborn sexual and aggressive urges; seeks to gratify bodily wants

Theories of Personality Freud 2.The Superego – The voice of society and our conscience; works to repress the pleasure seeking urges 3. The Ego – Balances pleasure with society demands; seeks a healthy balance to conflicting demands

Theories of Personality Cooley’s Looking Glass Self – We develop an image of ourselves that is largely reflective of the way other people see us You imagine how you appear to others You imagine how people judge you You use these perceptions to develop feelings about yourself

Nature vs. Nurture Is your personality determined by genetics or by your environment? VS.

Birth Order Effects

What is birth order?? Alfred Adler was one of the first 1 st theorist to suggest that birth order influences personality It is the chronological order of the sibling births in a family. First born, middle child or children, last born, and only children.

Research shows that a person’s birth order has a direct link with his or her personality How?? Interactions with parents and siblings associated with being in a particular position in the family.

First Born Children (Presidents) These children are the one with the most attention directed at him/her. Partly the reason the child has the characteristics they do. 2 types of typical first born children; compliant and aggressive.

Traits of First Born Compliant Aggressive People Pleaser Crave approval Nurturers Caregivers Reliable Conscientious Cooperative Team players “Grin and Bear it” mentality Movers and pleasers Natural leaders Perfectionist Driven Conventional Always have things under control Assertive Want things their way

Both compliant and aggressive may seem very different but share quite a few characteristics. Common Traits Energetic Logical Ambitious Enterprising Scholarly

Strengths of 1 st born Greater level of confidence Helpful More adult oriented Excel in academics Taken seriously Patient Organized Strong powers of concentration Confident to dream and plan Feel supported Choose careers that require a high degree of precision; law, medicine, computer programming, or architecture No gray area in work field Often boss or owner of company

Weaknesses of 1 st born Have an innate fear of being de-throned Perfectionists Overachievers More guilt and anxiety Difficulty coping with stressful situations Higher admissions to child guidance clinics Feel as though they are never good enough Tend to be selfish with possessions and attention Do not like to be told what to do Have a hard time with creative projects Do not work well with little direction Do not gravitate towards jobs such as; sales, advertising, art, or music because no structure or stability in those jobs

Fun Facts about 1 st born More than ½ of the US Presidents were first born children 21 of the 23 first astronauts were first born children Famous 1 st born children; Walter Conkrite, Dan Rather, Oprah Winfrey 2/3 of entrepreneurs are first born

Middle Children (Black Sheep) Most difficult to both read and raise “Mysterious Middle Child” Two main types of middle children Not clearly defined as the two types of first born Difficult to pin down Tend to be opposite of their older sibling Children with the most friends Gets along best with others

Middle Children 1 st type 2 nd type Loner Quiet shy Impatient Uptight Outgoing Friendly Loud Laid back Patient

Common Characteristic with Middle Born Flexible Diplomatic Rebellious Attention seeking Competitive peacemakers I an going to rebel with my clothing!

Strengths of Middle born Peacemakers Mediators Able to keep secrets No spoiled Take risks Realistic Get along well with others Read people well Independent Loyal to supporters Imaginative Choose careers that allow them to be creative; arts, sales, advertising, or a career that requires negotiating Well suited for management Levelheaded Able to be unbiased competitive

Weaknesses of Middle born Does not do well with hierarchy system Doesn’t like strict rules Prefer to work at their own pace Therefore may not complete tasks on time Does not work well with detail Does not work well with cut and dry material Prefers to make things more creative than needed Hates confrontation Stubborn Cynical Suspicious Rebellious

Fun Facts of Middle born Famous middle born children; Donald Trump, Ted Kennedy, Tim Allen, Julia Roberts, and Rosie O’Donnell Love to stand out Want to “do their own thing”

Last Born children (clowns) Quite often the life of the party Easiest to define when it comes to the correlation between birth order and personality Only one main type of last born

Last Born Traits Risk takers Idealists Good sense of humor Hard working Immature Attention seeking Secretive Sensitive Known as the “baby” Live up to that role Difficult for child to find his or her place in the family 1 st and middle child have already left huge footprints to follow in

Strengths of last born Outgoing Sociable Affectionate Caring Creative Empathetic Confident Careers in sales Invention corporations Good ability to sell things, including themselves Work well alone Want to be the boss Do their own thing in their own space

Weaknesses of last born Do not like to be tied down to a commitment “cut throat” Try too hard at times Alternative routes in life may make them odd man out Spoiled Manipulative Immature Self-centered Capricious

Fun Facts of Last born Famous last born children; Howard Stern, Jay Leno, Ralph Nadar, Bill Gates, and Danny DeVito Tend to go against the norm Make the biggest stirs in life Know no boundaries

Only Children (greater 1 st born) Special type of birth order Capable of being any of the three “main”types of birth order Most of these only children do posses characteristics commonly associated with the aggressive first born “First Born in Triplicate” Extreme versions of first born children Extremist in all aspects of life

Only child Traits Mature faster Get along well with older people Responsible Self-Centered Perfectionists Attentions seekers Use adult language Prefer adult company Have difficulty sharing

Strengths of only children Trust their own opinion Prompt Ambitious Enterprising Energetic Set goals Good problem solvers Careers similar to those of the 1 st born; law, medicine, and architecture Like black and white concepts Often prefer to work alone or be the boss Successful

Weaknesses of Only Children Do not like to be told what to do Often stray from team work situations Take too much responsibility May no respond well to criticisms Self-Centered Fearful of trying new things Criticize themselves and others Worry too much Feel they are always right Inflexible Too busy to see the big picture

Fun Facts of Only Children Famous only children; Nancy Reagan, Chelsea Clinton, Carol Burnett, and Ted Koppel

Variables Parents; marital status, parenting style, critical eye of parent, parents birth order Gender, does not occur every instance but if there is a male or female born first and the child immediately proceeding is the opposite sex, the birth order could repeat. Separate families; more than a five year gap in age of children, or starting a new family. Adoption or Remarriage Death of parent or sibling

Variable (continued) Birth order effect might be a strong predictor of behavior. However an increasing number of family researchers believe that when all of the factors that influence behavior are considered, birth order itself shows limited ability to predict behavior in todays world.