The Byzantine Empire Ch. 21

What are the advantages of building a major city here?

I. Constantinople Constantine chose Byzantium as capital of Eastern Roman Empire Linked black and Mediterranean Seas Defense Trade Wealth Named Constantinople after Constantine City modeled after Rome Bathhouses Hippodrome for chariot racing Different than Rome Richer More urban Able to defend easier Christian city

Great Bazaar

Bosphorus Bridge connecting Istanbul

View of the Bosporus

Ancient Byzantine Wall

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia- interior

Mosaic of Christ found in Hagia Sophia

Byzantine clothing

Who is our greatest President George Bush George Washington Bill Clinton Why????? Abe Lincoln Franklin Roosevelt Tom Jefferson Others?

II. Justinian- Greatest Byzantine Emperor 527 becomes Emperor Regain Roman lands General Belisarius regains N. Africa and Rome Uses Greek fire to defeat enemies Head of church and state

Justinian Code Legal experts assembled to simplify Roman Law 400 years of Laws into 4 books Marriage, divorce, slavery, criminal justice, etc.

Really silly Pennsylvania Laws! Motorized vehicles are not to be sold on Sundays. It it illegal to sleep on top of a refrigerator outdoors. You may not catch a fish with your hands. Any motorist driving along a country road at night must stop every mile and send up a rocket signal, wait 10 minutes for the road to be cleared of livestock, and continue. You may not catch a fish by any body part except the mouth. A special cleaning ordinance bans housewives from hiding dirt and dust under a rug in a dwelling. Dynamite is not to be used to catch fish. You may not sing in the bathtub. Though you do not need a fishing license to fish on your own land, but a hunting license is required to hunt on your own land. Fireworks stores may not sell fireworks to Pennsylvania residents. A person is not eligible to become Governor if he/she has participated in a duel. Any motorist who sights a team of horses coming toward him must pull well off the road, cover his car with a blanket or canvas that blends with the countryside, and let the horses pass. Ministers are forbidden from performing marriages when either the bride or groom is drunk. No more than two packages of beer at a time may be purchased, unless you are buying from an official “beer distributor”. It is contrary to Pennsylvania law to discharge a gun, cannon, revolver or other explosive weapon at a wedding.

Justinian Code American Laws Laws about Justinian Code American Laws Women’s Rights All women can own property, make contracts and will, and bring a lawsuit. All women can own property, make contracts and wills, bring a lawsuit. Women are guaranteed the same right as men. Robbery Robbery was not a crime. The victim could sue the robber for up to four times the values of the stolen property. Robbery is a crime and is punishable by a fine and/ or a prison sentence. Failure to pay debts People owed something had to the person owing them to gain debt back. Murder Murder was punished by banishment Murder is punished by a prison sentence or death. Inheritance Women could not inherit property from their husbands unless it was provided in a will. Children received equal amounts of the father’s estate. Standard law allows wives and children to divide an estate. Other directions can be provided for in a will.   1.) How are the rights of women similar under the Justinian Code and current American law? 2.) What is the difference in the treatment of robbery between the two law systems? 3.) Under which law system could women benefit most from an inheritance? Why? 4.) Which current law has basically unchanged when compared to the Justinian Code? 5.) Which legal system is “softer” on murderers? 6.) Why was the Justinian Code “new” and somewhat “radical” for the time it was introduce in 533 A.D.?

Public Works Programs Enlarges his palace Builds baths, aqueducts, hospitals, schools, etc. Refortifies Constantinople Rebuilds Hagia Sophia Builds Hippodrome Chariot races 60,000 people

Marriage to Theodora She was poor Fell in love Abolished law prohibiting them from marrying Behind every good man is a ???? Rights for women Nika Revolution

Our children, begotten in lawful marriage, are in our power. Justinian Code IX. The Power of Parents. Our children, begotten in lawful marriage, are in our power. 1. Marriage, or matrimony, is a binding together of a man and woman to live in an indivisible union. 2. The power which we have over our children is peculiar to the citizens of Rome; for no other people have a power over their children, such as we have over ours. 3. The child born to you and your wife is in your power. And so is the child born to your son of his wife, that is, your grandson or granddaughter; so are your great-grandchildren, and all your other descendants. But a child born of your daughter is not in your power, but in the power of its own father.

Justinian Code Book I, Of Persons VIII. Slaves 1. Slaves are in the power of masters, a power derived from the law of nations: for among all nations it may be remarked that masters have the power of life and death over their slaves, and that everything acquired by the slave is acquired for the master. Book II, Of Things I. Division of Things 28. If the wheat of Titius is mixed with yours, when this takes place by mutual consent, the mixed heap belongs to you in common because each body, that is, each grain, which before was the property of one or other of you, has by your mutual consent been made your common property; but, if the intermixture were accidental, or made by Titius without your consent, the mixed wheat does not then belong to you both in common; because the grains still remain distinct, and retain their proper substance. ...if either of you keep the whole quantity of mixed wheat, the other has a real actio [claim or suit] for the amount of wheat belonging to him, but it is in the province of the judge to estimate the quality of the wheat belonging to each.  

III. The Church Byzantine Empire was a Christian Empire Emperor was chosen by God Monasteries played important roles Ran schools Cared for poor Artists and writers Conflict breaks out West spoke Latin, East spoke Greek Should icons be used in worship service? Who was the head of the church? Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox

Don’t need to copy- The Great Schism of 1054 Eastern Greek Orthodox Church Based in Constantinople Official language – Greek Church led by a Patriarch referred to as a Bishop Bishops couldn’t marry. Priests could marry. Scriptures were the final authority on all matters. Emperor or political ruler was above the Bishop. Rejected the use of icons. Roman Catholic Church Based in Rome Official language – Latin Church led by a Pope referred to as Father. Church leaders could not marry. Only Pope and Bishops could interpret the scriptures. The Pope was the Supreme head of Church - above any political ruler. Religious icons accepted. 28

Which church is which?

Orthodox Church and Officials

IV. Decline of the Empire Reasons Christians and Muslims go to War Crusades Muslims capture Constantinople in 1453 with the use of gunpowder Contributions Preserve Greek and Roman culture Emphasized education Spread ideas