The Socialism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

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The Socialism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marxism The Socialism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Karl Marx (1818-1883) Born in Prussian Rhineland Son of a lawyer, studied law & philosophy Journalist in Cologne, Paris & Brussels 1849 lived in London in poverty Believed in practical application of philosophy: philosophy should be used to change society Best known for the Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital; scientific socialism (= Marxism)

Marx Engels

Friedrich Engels (1820-1893) Son of a German textile manufacturer Learned about the business in Manchester, England Met Marx in 1844 in Paris More stylistically adept in writing Wrote also: The Condition of the Working Classes in England

Communist League 1847 Marx & Engels joined other German exiles and advocated for: Unified Germany Democratic suffrage Universal free education Arming of the people Progressive income tax State ownership of banks, railroads, canals, mines Collectivization of agriculture

Communist Manifesto, Jan 1848 Denunciation of the conditions of the working class Hegelian Dialectic = free & democratic society Differs from Hegel in that: Does not believe the Prussian State to be the best possible state Did not believe in the power of individuals to shape history, rather the restructuring of fundamentals must occur Economic interpretation of history! History is determined by those who control the means of production and distribution and is created by material conditions Religion is useless = “opiate of the masses”

Main Tenets of Marxism Working classes non-nationalistic (international) “WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!” Fight for social and economic equality Theory of Surplus Value Workers had been robed of wealth they created True value of a product was labor and, since the worker received only a small portion of his just labor price, the difference was surplus value “stolen” from him by the capitalist Call for revolution from below (working class) “dictatorship of the proletariat”

Process of Proletariat Revolution Socialism is inevitable Capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction (e.g., through overproduction, unemployment) State= instrument of the bourgeoisie, used to suppress the working class Increasing gap btw. proletariat and bourgeoisie will ignite revolution of proletariat THUS sparking violent revolution / class warfare Creation of Classless Society will be achieved “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”

Read the quotes below – compare and contrast with Marx’s quote from previous slide 32And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul: neither said any of them that ought of the things which he possessed was his own; but they had all things common. 35And laid them down at the apostles' feet: and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need. (Acts of the Apostles, 4) 4. Therefore call nothing your own, but let everything be yours in common. Food and clothing shall be distributed to each of you by your superior, not equally to all, for all do not enjoy equal health, but rather according to each one’s need. (St. Augustine Rules (for religious life)) What presuppositions or pre-requisites do the Bible and St. Augustine hold to when describing a well-functioning communal life?