 Canada is a Multicultural society.  Over 4.3 million people living in Canada were born in another country (>16% of the pop.).  Immigrant bring customs to Canada that they are encouraged to keep.

 Many Canadians, therefore, consider themselves both their from their native homeland and their adopted homeland.  So, our society is a mix of Pakistani-Canadians, Chinese-Canadians, Italian-Canadians, etc.

 First-generation Canadians - are immigrants who become.  Second-generation Canadians - First- generation Canadians' children.

 A learned social behavior transmitted through such things as customs, beliefs, values, technology and art.

 A society in which ethnic groups retain their cultural heritage.

Cultural Social Physical Historical

 The effects of culture, either physical, or social on the environment.  Two types of cultural imprints:  Social imprints  Physical imprints

 A pattern of behavior, such as customs, language and religion of a social group.

 Language:  Result of immigration (French and English)  First language : The language a person learns to speak first and continues to understand  Primary language : The language most commonly spoken in a country.

 The way in which people leave distinct cultural signs on their environment.  A lot of immigrants prefer living among people of their own ethnic heritage to avoid culture clash.  A feeling of isolation that people experience when they move to a different environment.

 Ethnic Neighborhoods  Areas within the larger community that share common cultural and ethnic characteristics.

 Census  Means by which governments count and collect population data.  Census subdivisions  A geographic region established for the purpose of conducting a census.  Census tracts  In urban areas, the further division of a census subdivision into smaller units.

Woo!

 A social system in which people of different ethnic backgrounds are encouraged to maintain their traditions and customs.

 When all ethnic groups are encouraged to blend into a single dominant culture.  Also called a melting pot.

 A historical imprint left by people in the past.  European settlement.

 Contract between early French settlers and aboriginal people.  Developed for the fur trade.  Made Montreal and Quebec thriving communities.

 Expansion led to farmers cultivating land.  In the late 1600s and early 1700s, the King of France granted land to landlords who are now referred to as the seigneurs.

 Seigneurs French Landlords responsible for establishing early settlements I n Quebec.  Habitants An early French peasant settler in Quebec.

 Roture A land grant offered to early French settlers in Quebec.  Seigneuries Long, narrow land lots given to early French settlers.

 Radial Land Pattern A French patter of land use radiating from a central point.

 1760 – The Great Lakes were colonized by Britain.  Created blocks of land called “townships”  Started with a “baseline” which were nearest and parallel to the great lakes  Then roads were built parallel to this baseline called “concessions”

 Concessions were about 2km apart.  Concessions were numbered with Roman numerals.  “Side roads” ran perpendicularly to concession roads to form a grid.  Side roads were about 2 km apart as well.

 Flat until the Rocky Mountains  Able to watch your dog run away for about 2 weeks in Saskatchewan.

 Most of the early settlement happened here.  Poor soil, hilly landscape, brutal climate made agriculture.  Therefore, turned to mining, logging and fishing were the primary industries.  These industries led to a more dispersed or scattered settlement patterns.

 Also led to frequently long distances between communities.  Most transportation is coastal.