VSEPR and Polarity

Since all atoms have different electronegativities, a “ ” for the electrons in a bond begins when atoms bond. Since all atoms have different electronegativities, a “ ” for the electrons in a bond begins when atoms bond. When an atom bonds with another one of itself (example F-F), the difference in electronegativity is. This is known as covalent or covalent bond. When an atom bonds with another one of itself (example F-F), the difference in electronegativity is. This is known as covalent or covalent bond. When an atom bonds with different atoms, they can be or _________ covalent bonds, depending on the differences in electronegativities. When an atom bonds with different atoms, they can be or _________ covalent bonds, depending on the differences in electronegativities. Tug of war zerononpolar pure polarnonpolar

What happen when the electronegativity isn’t equal When the difference in electronegativity is, an electron is and bonding results. When the difference in electronegativity is, an electron is and bonding results. When the difference in electronegativity is, the electrons are __________ ____________ and bonding results. When the difference in electronegativity is ______ ____________, the electrons are __________ ____________ and bonding results. large transferredionic veryshared equally small (<0.5) nonpolar

When the difference in electronegativity is, there is sharing. Resulting in a covalent. When the difference in electronegativity is, there is sharing. Resulting in a covalent. As a result, the electrons spend more time around the electronegative () atom, which makes it slightly. The weaker atom becomes slightly. As a result, the electrons spend more time around the electronegative () atom, which makes it slightly. The weaker atom becomes slightly. This results in the polar bond being a – two poles This results in the polar bond being a – two poles moderate unequalpolar morestronger negative positive dipole

Polarity of Molecules Overall, molecules can be or, depending on the results of the molecular “.” Overall, molecules can be or, depending on the results of the molecular “.” If the VESPR shape makes it a molecule then the result is. If the VESPR shape makes it a molecule then the result is. If VESPR shape makes it a molecule then the result is. If VESPR shape makes it a molecule then the result is. Let’s look at H 2 O Let’s look at H 2 O Water is, because its shape is Water is, because its shape is Tug of war non-polarpolar nonpolar polar symmetrical asymmetrical Asymmetrical (bent)

So, what does this mean to us? To determine if a molecule is polar or not, ask yourself: To determine if a molecule is polar or not, ask yourself: Are there dots on the central atom? If __________________, it is automatically __________________. If not, then ask yourself: Are there dots on the central atom? If __________________, it is automatically __________________. If not, then ask yourself: Are all the elements around the central atom the same (or are the two atoms the same in the case of the two atom linear molecules)? If __________________, It is __________________. Are all the elements around the central atom the same (or are the two atoms the same in the case of the two atom linear molecules)? If __________________, It is __________________. yes polar yesNONPOLAR

Let’s look at H 2 O Water has _____________ which makes its shape __________________, so this would make water __________________. Water has _____________ which makes its shape __________________, so this would make water __________________. Ability of a substance to dissolve is based on polarity … _____________ dissolves _____________. Ability of a substance to dissolve is based on polarity … _____________ dissolves _____________. So, _____________ dissolves polar and _____________ dissolves non-polar. So, _____________ dissolves polar and _____________ dissolves non-polar. Water is polar, so it dissolves _____________ substances Water is polar, so it dissolves _____________ substances dots asymmetrical polar like polar nonpolar

Forces Ionic and covalent bonds are called Ionic and covalent bonds are called (within molecules) (within molecules) – between molecules – also called forces – – between molecules – also called forces – Intermolecular forces are than intramolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are than intramolecular forces. intramolecular Intermolecula r WEAKVan der Waals alwaysweaker