Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water Section 2.3 Structure of Water  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 3 - Biochemistry
Advertisements

1 2 Water Properties 3 Carbon Compounds 4 Functional Groups.
Vocabulary 16. Lipid Monosaccharide 17. Nucleotide Active site DNA
Biochemistry.
Biochemistry Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4. Chemical Structure: Chemical Structure: O & H share electrons, but not equally O & H share electrons, but not equally.
1 The Chemical basis for Life (continued) What holds atoms together? Ionic bonds  Attraction between oppositely charged ions (atoms or molecules)  Weak.
2.3 Carbon Based Molecules
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life.
Pp  A carbon atom has 4 electrons available for bonding in its outer energy level.  To become stable, a carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds.
Section 6.3 – Life Substances
A. Organic Compounds = compounds containing carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as oxygen, hydrogen,
UNIT 1 – UNDERSTANDING LIFE ON EARTH BIOMOLECULES.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water polar compound  one end is slightly negative while the other is slightly positive polar compound  one end is slightly.
Biochemistry Chapter 2. Background Organic molecules contain both the elements carbon and hydrogen –Glucose  C 6 H 12 O 6 Inorganic molecules do not.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Objectives Distinguish between.
Chapter 3 Objectives Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water Section 2.3 Structure of Water  Most abundant molecule  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O.
Organic compounds Carbon compounds
Biochemistry Notes. Carbon Organic molecules contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons available for bonding.
Biochemistry Chapter 3.
2-3 Carbon Compounds.
Biochemistry Chapter 3.
+ Macromolecules Short Chemistry Review and Macromolecules.
Chapter 3 Biochemistry.
The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds. 2–3Carbon Compounds A.The Chemistry of Carbon B.Macromolecules C.Carbohydrates D.Lipids E.Nucleic Acids F.Proteins.
Chapter 2.  The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of the element.
Biochemistry Biology Chapter 3 Garcia. 3-1 Objectives Describe the structure of a water molecule. Explain how water’s polar nature affects its ability.
Organic Molecules. Carbon Compounds Organic Compounds –Must have Carbon (C)
1 This is Jeopardy Biochemistry 2 Category No. 1 Category No. 2 Category No. 3 Category No. 4 Category No Final Jeopardy.
Biochemistry!!!! Chapter 3.
Biochemistry.
Biochemistry. Carbon Helped contribute to the great diversity of life due to it’s ability to form large complex molecules All compounds are either: –Organic.
Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 Section 3 Part 1. Objectives  Describe the unique qualities of carbon  Describe the structures and functions of each of the.
Chapter 3 Biochemistry. Water Water has 4 important properties. Water has 4 important properties. Water is polar. Water is polar. Water has hydrogen bonding.
Biochemistry Ch.2-3 & 3. (2-3) Water Structure O is -, while the H’s are + –Uneven distribution of charge O HH.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water polar compound  one end is slightly negative while the other is slightly positive polar compound  one end is slightly.
Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 sec. 3. carbon Organic compounds contain carbon.
Chap. 3 : Biochemistry I. Structures Important to Life --- Organic Compounds – contain carbon (derived from living things) --- Organic Compounds – contain.
The Molecules of Life Chapter 5, SectionS 1-4.
Section 1: Atoms, Elements and Compounds.  Elements pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically  There are 4 main elements that make up 90%
Biochemistry. Compounds  Compounds are made up of atoms of two more elements in fixed proportions  Held together by chemical bonds Covalent Ionic.
1 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life I. The Nature of Matter A. Atoms - made of p+, e-, no B. Elements and Isotopes - - Element has only one type of atom,
Cell Chemistry Life depends on Chemistry What does this mean?????
Ch 2 The Chemistry of Life Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized.
Biochemistry. I. Water 1. POLARITY - Uneven charge on molecule makes it polar. 2. SOLVENT – water dissolves other substances excepts for non-polar substances.
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life.
Cell Chemistry.
Carbon is the most important atom found in living things.
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY.
Organic Chemistry.
Chapter 5 The Molecules of Life.
CH 3 Biochemistry.
Ch. 3: Biochemistry Section 2
Biochemistry Molecules of Life..
3-2 Molecules of Life.
Macromolecules( macro=big)
BIOCHEMISTRY pp
Chapter 3 Notes Biochemistry.
Chemistry of Life Organic Chemistry.
Biochemistry Notes.
The building blocks of LIFE
Organic Chemistry Chapter 6.
Macromolecules( macro=big)
Organic Molecules Chapter 6, section 4.
Ch 3 Biochemistry.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Chapter 2 Section 3.
Presentation transcript:

Biochemistry Chapter 3

Water Section 2.3

Structure of Water  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O

Water is a Polar Molecule  Definition: a molecule with an uneven distribution of charge but a net charge of zero  Water bonds at an angle

Water’s ability to dissolve  “Like Dissolves Like”  Polar substances can dissolve polar substances, nonpolar substances can dissolve nonpolar substances

Questions:  Why don’t oil and water mix?  Why can water dissolve sugar or salt?  How does water dissolve a polar substance?

Answer:  The + end of water attracts to the – ion of the substance  The – end of water attracts to the + ion of the substance  This breaks the ionic bond of the substance thus dissolving it

Water’s special bond:  Hydrogen Bond: a weak chemical bond that exists between the H atoms and a – charged part of a different molecule

Water’s special properties: Due to H-bonds: 1. Water can cling to itself and other substances 2. Water is able to absorb large amounts of energy without changing temperatures quickly

Cohesion:  Definition: When like molecules are attracted to each other  Ex) surface tension in water

Adhesion:  Definition: the attractive forces between unlike substances

Capillarity:  Definition: cohesion and adhesion working together to move water molecules up a narrow tube against the force of gravity

Homeostasis? 1. The H-bonds in water are the first bonds to break when an increase in energy (temp) is applied 2. It takes a LARGE amount of energy to break/move water molecules 3. Thus, the temperature of water stays fairly constant in a cell even though there might be a drastic temperature change outside

Lab time….yeah!

Carbon Compounds SECTION 3.1

Organic Compounds  Organic compounds contain carbon atoms  Form covalent bonds with other C atoms or to other elements - N, H, and O.

Carbon Bonding  C readily covalently bonds (a bond forms when electrons are shared)  Each C forms 4 covalent bonds

Large Carbon Molecules  Polymers are made up of many small, repeating molecules called monomers.  Macromolecules- large polymers

Condensation Reaction  A chemical reaction that links monomers to form polymers  One water molecule is produced Ex) Glucose and Fructose combine to make Sucrose, table sugar

Hydrolysis  A chemical reaction that breaks down polymers  Reversal of condensation reaction  Usually done by adding water

ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate  All of life’s functions require energy  Energy compounds found in cells

Biochemistry The stuff life is made of! Section 3.3

The Four Molecules of Life  1. Carbohydrates  2. Proteins  3. Lipids  4. Nucleic Acids  All of your body is made up of these four types of molecules!

The Building Blocks  Each type of molecules is made up of smaller parts called monomers.  When 3 or more monomers are linked together, they form a polymer.

How to make a macromolecule.  How do you make a polymer from many monomers?  CONDENSATION REACTION!

Condensation Reaction:  The formation of larger molecules by removing a H + from one monomer and a OH - from the other monomer.  The H + and the OH - combine to form the bi-product H 2 O.

What will break up a large molecule?  The opposite reaction of condensation……  HYDROLYSIS REACTION! The use of water to break apart polymers back into monomers.

 Condensation/Hydrolysis Condensation/Hydrolysis

Monomers of the 4 Life Molecules  1. Carbohydrates - Monosaccharide  2. Proteins – Amino Acids  3. Lipids – Fatty Acids  4. Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides  How do you make macromolecules of each monomer? CONDENSATION REACTION

1. Carbohydrates  Monosaccharide = monomer, simple sugar, ex) fructose, galactose, & glucose C 6 H 12 O 6  Disaccharide = 2 monomers, double sugar ex) sucrose (table sugar)

________________________________________ Examples)

 Polysaccharide = 3+ monomers ex) starch & cellulose (in plants) glycogen (in animals)

2. Protein  Amino Acid = monomer, 20 different types  Peptide bond holds amino acids together  Polypeptide = chains of amino acids

Most DIVERSE group of molecules Many structures such as muscles, skin, hair, and biological catalysts (enzymes) are made of proteins.

Enzymes  Protein molecules that catalyze (increase the rate of) biochemical reactions  How Do Enzymes Work? How Do Enzymes Work?  Animation: How Enzymes Work Animation: How Enzymes Work

3. Lipids  Fatty Acids = monomer Hydrophilic Head - polar Hydrophobic Tail - nonpolar

Complex Lipids  Saturated Fats - bad  Unsaturated Fats - good  Phospholipids (cell membrane)  Waxes  Steroids

4. Nucleic Acids  Nucleotide = monomer  Found in the genetic material DNA & RNA  carries out all of the functions of the cell