Polar Molecular Compounds

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Presentation transcript:

Polar Molecular Compounds SWBAT: Identify Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Polar Covalent Bond Each side of the molecule has a small charge due to the electrons being UNEQUALLY SHARED. H Cl A dipole (two poles) has been created. Electron density diagram - more electron density around the chlorine Chlorine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen. The “” symbol (delta) stands for small amount/change.

+ - + H O H - + The bonds in the water molecule are POLAR. Bond Polarity in Water The bonds in the water molecule are POLAR. The molecule is ALSO ASYMMETRICAL. These TWO factors cause the MOLECULE to be polar. + H - O H H - O + O H + - + H H The water molecule is a DIPOLE - it has two oppositely charged “poles”.

B: Polarity of Entire Compounds - with multiple, different bonds Use EN to rate each bond in a compound Find overall shape of compound Find Net Dipole Moment: sum of all vectors Note: Molecules can have polar bonds, but overall they are not polar!!!! Opposing bond moments cancel each other out Unpaired Valence e- also influence shape

Non-Polar Molecules with Polar Bonds IF - The molecule is symmetrical… There is no overall polarity on the molecule. The MOLECULE IS NON-POLAR! CF4 Eneg = 4.0 - 2.5 = 1.5 * Polar Bonds * F C

Which of the following molecules have a dipole moment? H2O, CO2, SO2, and CH4 O H S O dipole moment polar molecule dipole moment polar molecule C H C O no dipole moment nonpolar molecule no dipole moment nonpolar molecule 10.2

Identify the Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Polarity of compounds: Why bother? Important for determining: Solubility Recite solubility rules! Water is a polar solvent: only polar compounds will dissolve in water Benzene: is a non-polar solute: only non-polar compounds will dissolve in benzene

Is the molecule symmetrical? Is a molecule polar? Are the bonds polar? 0.5 < EN diff < 1.7 YES – POLAR BONDS Is the molecule symmetrical? NO POLAR MOLECULE YES NON-POLAR MOLECULE NO – NON POLAR BONDS

Polar/Non-polar molecules Substance ΔEneg Bond Polarity Molecule Symmetry Polarity HCl BrCl H2O CBr4 NH3 PBr3Cl2 CH3I SI6 CH3Cl CH3OH