1 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Software Engineering and Knowledge Creation in Nokia 11th NORD I&D May 30 - June 1, Reykjavik, Iceland Kari Känsälä Senior R&D Manager Nokia Research Center (NRC)

2 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Content Nokia Corporation worldwide software (SW) R&D Communities of Practice (CoPs) generally within and between companies in Nokia Knowledge Creation modes (by I. Nonaka & H. Takeuchi: The Knowledge-Creating Company, 1995) organizational levels in Nokia SW engineering knowledge creation in Nokia mode by mode vs. organizational levels using activities supported by NRC as examples Summary & conclusions

3 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä World's largest manufacturer of mobile phones A leading end-to-end infrastructure supplier Three Business Groups Nokia Mobile Phones Nokia Networks Nokia Ventures Organization More than employees Net sales EUR 30.4 billion 2000 ~All products and solutions are SW intensive For further details refer to

4 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Sales offices R&D (most with SW R&D) Production, incl. joint ventures Nokia Software (SW) R&D Worldwide Number of SW developers (SW for Nokia's products) has grown from 1000 in 1990 to currently 60+% of all R&D, and 15+% of Nokia’s employees

5 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Communities of practice (CoP) The zone of legitimate peripheral participation Community of Practice : shared knowledge same well-known experts * shared 'tools' shared practices shared identity * An expert is a person who defines what counts as knowledge

6 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä External and internal communities Source: I. Tuomi,1998

7 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Nokia Corporation in theory Team A Team B Business Processes Business Group/ Business Units

8 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Nokia in practice Team A Team B Business Processes Process Team Interest group Community of Practice Community of Interest Community of Practice Source: P. Kasper, 2000

9 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Knowledge Creation Modes Tacit (subjective) to Explicit (objective) Tacit Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Shared *ConceptualKnowledge from OperationalSystemicKnowledge Explicit Knowledge Source: Nonaka & Takeuchi,1995 * initially: Sympathized

10 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä SW Engineering Knowledge Creation in Nokia from the NRC viewpoint* Business Units (BUs) Knowledge tailoring (and usage) NRC* Knowledge R&D and transfer Nokia Knowledge platforms and services *There are similar SW engineering knowledge enhancement & transfer parties in Business Units as well Nokia's SW Engineering CoPs & Knowledge

11 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Shared SW Engineering Knowledge in Nokia Knowledge sharing in/by BUs*** NSEF** SGP* * Sharing Good Practices (SGP) covers all Business Processes seven explicit SGP steps SGP sharing base on Intranet ** Nokia SW Engineering Forum - next slide *** Knowledge sharing in/by Business Units role-based networks (quality, testing,...) benchmarking with other companies Conceptual knowledge Systemic knowledge Operational knowledge

12 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä NSEF since 1993; initially as separate seminars or Forums 36 separate events in 2000 currently xxxx names in the mailing list

13 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Conceptual SW Engineering Knowledge in Nokia Knowledge sharing in BUs NSEF SGP * Nokia Information Services (IS) electronic sources (market reports, news, technology information) local library & info services (document delivery, IR, periodicals, purchases) ** NRC research & cooperation - next slide *** Conceptual work by Business Units piloting in R&D projects commenting in standardization Conceptual work by BUs*** NRC research & cooperation** Nokia IS* Systemic knowledge Operational knowledge

14 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä SW Engineering Research & Cooperation by NRC Participation in international standardization, concerning e.g. ISO standards ISO15504 (a.k.a. SPICE) since 1993 CMM de-facto standards CMMI (Stakeholder Team) since 1998 Participation in European research projects, e.g. ITEA/ESAPS (Engineering SW Architectures, Processes and Platforms for System Families) since 1999, to be followed by a deployment project a result: extension of SPICE process model to cover SW product line processes SW engineering benchmarking with other large corporations SW Experience Center with ABB, Boeing, DaimlerChrysler, and Motorola, facilitated by Fraunhofer IESE (Germany) and Fraunhofer Center-Maryland (USA) Cooperation with SW engineering process, method & tool vendors

15 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Systemic SW Engineering Knowledge in Nokia Knowledge sharing in BUs NSEF SGP * Nokia Product Creation (PC) Process Solutions corporate-wide PC process platforms, incl. cross-Business Group processes ** SW Process Framework by NRC - next slide *** Business Groups' PC Process Solutions based on common platforms, but may vary according to the product portfolio Conceptual work by BUs NRC research & cooperation Nokia IS Nokia PCP Solutions* SPF by NRC** Business Groups' PCP Solutions*** Operational knowledge

16 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä NRC's SW Process Framework (SPF) Existing SW/system PRMs Good practices in Nokia BUs & outside Nokia SW Process Reference Model (SPRM) v2.0 SW Process Ref. Glossary (SPRG) SPICE v2.0 proc. categories (sub)processes base practices Links to CMM Web links References to SW/systems process std's CMM v1.1 levels KPAs key practices SPRM vs. CMM v1.1 ISO ISO12207 IEEE 1074 J-STD-016 SE-CMM IEEE 1220 EIA-IS-632 SW related Business Processes SW related Product Creation Processes SW development processes Glossaries SW Process Framework (SPF) released in 1996 based on SW process model ISO/SPICE v2.0 (October 1996) to be replaced by SW Product Line Process Framework (SPLPF) in 2001 based on ESAPS results SW engineering knowledge base to be used by Business Units

17 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Operational SW Engineering Knowledge by NRC Support Knowledge sharing in BUs NSEF SGP * Nokia Product Creation Process a Nokia Business Process: others are Delivery Process Business Support Process ** Business Unit's SW Engineering Process - next slide *** SW Projects' Processes in Business Units actual SW processes in SW projects Conceptual work by BUs NRC research & cooperation Nokia IS Nokia PC Process* BU SWEP with NRC** SPPs in BUs *** Nokia PCP Solutions SPF by NRC Business Groups' PCP Solutions Rationale for SW engineerin g knowledge creation

18 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä SW Engineering Process (SWEP) in Business Units with NRC NMP SWEP was initially released in 1996 based on SPICE v2.0; latest release is #18 NMP SWEP includes hundreds of process assets, e.g. 228 processes or procedures, 101 work products, and 42 roles there are similar SWEPs also in other Business Groups

19 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä SW Engineering Knowledge Creation Cycle Conceptual work by BUs Std's NRC (1993…2000…) Nokia IS Nokia PCP Solutions SPF&SPLPF/NRC (1995…2001…) Business Groups' PCP Solutions Nokia PC Process BU SWEPs (1996…2001…) SPPs in BUs Knowledge sharing in BUs NSEF (1995… ) SGP Example (1st paradigm cycle finished, 2nd cycle beginning): SW process knowledge sharing -> SW process reference models SW process manual of BUs <- SW process framework <-

20 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ / Kari Känsälä Summary & Conclusions Knowledge creation is one of the most challenging activities in a large corporation SW engineering knowledge creation is especially important, because ~all products are SW intensive All knowledge creation modes (shared, conceptual, systemic, operational) must be supported or at least facilitated at all organizational levels It takes years to conclude the full knowledge creation cycle, including the shift of the corresponding paradigm Real SW development in real SW projects is the only essential part of the cycle: if it does not happen, then everything else is in vain! Thank you! Any questions?