TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS By Hannah Gibson and Luis Cancino

Types  Ionic Bonds I. Ex. Table Salt  Covalent Bonds 1. Ex. Water  Hydrogen Bonds 1. Ex. DNA

Ionic Bonds:  Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another  Atoms are electrically neutral  When atoms gain/lose electrons during bonding the positive and negative are no longer balanced, the result are ions which are charged particles  When an atom gains an electron it becomes negative  Negatively charged particles are called anions  When an atom loses a particle it becomes positive  Positively charged particles are called cation  The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as table salt

Covalent Bonds:  The bonds of molecules in which atoms share electrons called covalent molecules  Electrons are shared equally between the atoms of the molecule, these molecules are called nonpolar covalently bonded molecules  Carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule  When covalent bonds are made the molecule formed always has a definite three-dimensional shape  Shape of a molecule plays a major role in determining which atoms or molecules it can interact with  Shape may also result in unequal electron-pair sharing  A polar molecule is a molecule with 2 charged poles  Polar molecules orient themselves toward other polar molecules or charged particles like ions and proteins (hold important role In chemical reactions that occur in body cells)  A water molecule is formed when 2 hydrogen atoms bind covalently into 1 oxygen atom

Hydrogen Bonds:  Extremely weak bonds formed when a hydrogen atom bound to one electron-hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom  Hydrogen bonding is common between water molecules, this is reflected by the waters surface tension  Hydrogen bonds are also important intermolecular bonds, they help bind different parts of the same molecule together into a special three-dimensional shape  Hydrogen bonds are very important in helping to maintain the surface of protein molecules, which are essential functional molecules and body-building materials

Questions 1 1. Electrons in what bond are neaural? A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Hydrogen 2. What shape does a covalent bond’s molecules make A. None B. 3 dimensonal C. Regular

Questions 2 3. What does Hydro mean? A. Fire B. Water C. Earth 4. What is NaCl? A. Salt B. Pepper C. Nutmeg

Works Cited: 1. Marieb, Elaine. “Chemical Bonds.” Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Serina Beauparlant. Eighth. San Francisco: Pearson,