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P-V Diagrams and processes Contents: Basic Concept Example Whiteboards

P-V diagrams Isobaric Expansion (+W) Isobaric Compression (-W) Volume Pressure Isobaric Expansion (+W) Isobaric Compression (-W) Iso = same baric = pressure The axes Change volume? Change pressure? TOC

P-V diagrams Pressure Volume Isochoric = same volume (closed container) how does it happen? TOC

Adiabatic (no heat flow) processes Volume Pressure Adiabatic expansion: (Q = 0) Work is done by the gas (+W) No heat flows in: Q = U + W 0 = U + W, U = -W Internal energy (T) drops Examples Air rockets Cold side of fridge Universe Demo - cloud TOC

Adiabatic (no heat flow) processes Volume Pressure Adiabatic compression: (Q = 0) Work is done on the gas (-W) No heat flows in: Q = U + W 0 = U + W, U = -(-W) Internal energy (T) rises Examples Bike pump/diesels Hot side of fridge Compressors Demo – plunger/Murray Frig TOC

Isothermal (constant temperature) processes Volume Pressure Isothermal expansion: (T = 0) Work is done by the gas (+W) Internal energy is constant (U = 0) Q = U + W = W Heat turns to work (slowly) TOC

Isothermal (constant temperature) processes Volume Pressure Isothermal compression: (T = 0) Work is done on the gas (-W) Internal energy is constant (U = 0) Q = U + W = W Work turns to heat (slowly) TOC

heat flows in, temp increases What’s goin’ on here? Volume Pressure isobaric expansion heat flows in, temp increases TOC

heat flows out, pressure drops What’s goin’ on here? Volume Pressure isochoric cooling heat flows out, pressure drops TOC

isochoric heating, isobaric expansion What’s goin’ on here? Volume Pressure isochoric heating, isobaric expansion TOC

Which process is adiabatic, which is isothermal? Volume Pressure A B In which process would the temperature drop? B is adiabatic TOC

Which process is adiabatic, which is isothermal? Volume Pressure B A In which process would the temperature increase? B is adiabatic TOC

Complete cycle - where is work done? A complete cycle: Volume Pressure C B A D Complete cycle - where is work done? Is more work done by gas or on the gas? TOC