A system that transmits and controls energy through the use of pressurized liquid or gas Pneumatics - the media used is air Hydraulics - the media used is oil or water What is Fluid Power ?

Operation of system valves for air, water or chemicals Operation of heavy or hot doors Unloading of hoppers in building, steel making, mining and chemical industries Ramming and tamping in concrete and asphalt laying What can Fluid Power Do ?

Lifting and moving in slab molding machines Crop spraying Paint Spraying Holding and moving parts or assemblies in manufacturing What can Fluid Power Do ?

 Jig (guides cutting tool) and Fixture (stationary work holding) clamping  Forming operations of bending, drawing and flattening  Bottling and filling machines  Machine tool changing What can Fluid Power Do ?

Component and material conveyor transfer Robots Dentist drills vacuum lifting for thin sheet materials and much..much..more What can Fluid Power Do ?

Components have long working life resulting in longer system reliability Environmentally friendly Safety issues are minimized e.g.. Fire hazards; unaffected by overloads (actuators stall or slip) pneumatic actuators in a system do not produce heat (except for friction) Properties of Compressed Air

Properties of Gases Three important variables 1. Temperature, T 2. Pressure, P 3. Volume, V Gas laws describe relationships between these variables

Properties of Gases - Bernoulli’s Law When there is fluid flow through a tube of varying diameters the total energy in the system is constant the velocity is inversely proportional to the pressure V1 is less than V2 P1 is higher than P2

Properties of Gases (Boyle’s Law) The pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume (providing the gas remains at constant temperature) Isothermic (equal temperature)

Properties of Gases (Boyle’s Law)

Properties of Gases (Charles’s Law) A given mass of gas increases in volume by 1/273 of its volume for every degree Celsius rise in temperature or 1/459.7 for every degree Fahrenheit rise in temperature. When the pressure of a confined gas remains constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. e.g. Hot air balloon

Properties of Gases (Charles’s Law continued) V 1 = T 1 V 2 T 2 Where: V1 = initial volume V2 = resulting volume T1 = initial absolute temperature T2 = resulting absolute temperature A volume of air in an accumulator is submerged in a bucket of ice water (32 degrees F). If you remove the accumulator from the ice water and place it in a bucket of boiling water what would the resulting volume be. V 2 = V 1 x T 2 T 1 V 2 = V 1 x =1.36 V 1 Fahrenheit Absolute is Fahrenheit Isobaric - equal pressure

Properties of Gases (Pascal’s Law) Pressure at any point in a closed body of fluid is the same in all directions, exerting equal force on equal areas. F = P x A Where: F = force P = pressure A = area F PA Cover the letter you are trying to solve for e.g. P=F/A