Intermolecular Forces The physical properties of melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, evaporation, viscosity, surface tension, and solubility.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. Three types of force can operate between covalent (not ionic) molecules:  Dispersion Forces also known as London Forces as Weak.
Advertisements

Forces Between Molecules. Bonding model for covalent molecular substances Bonding for covalent molecular substances falls into two categories 1.The strong.
Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Intramolecular forces are forces within a molecule such as covalent bonds.
16.3: Attractions Between Molecules
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. CA Standards Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because.
Intermolecular Forces H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H H O H (given in increasing strength)
Higher Chemistry Unit 1(d) Intermolecular forces of attraction
Electronegativity and Polarity.  Describe how electronegativity is used to determine bond type.  Compare and contrast polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Intermolecular Attractions -- Liquids and Solids L. Scheffler IB Chemistry
Intermolecular Forces Why do some solids dissolve in water but others do not? Why are some substances gases at room temperature, but others are liquid.
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 5.9 Attractive Forces in Compounds Chapter 5 Compounds and Their Bonds © 2013.
Interparticle Bonding
Intermolecular Forces. How are molecules held together? There are two types of attraction in molecules: ◦ Intramolecular forces ◦ Intermolecular forces.
Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11.2 Pages
Recall from Ionic Bonding…
Polarity and Intermolecular Forces
Unit 8 - liquids and solutions
Attractions Between Molecules or Intermolecular Forces (IM Forces) Chapter 8.4.
Between.  Intra- › strong forces that hold the atoms in a molecule together  takes 464 kJ/mol to break the H-O bonds within a water molecule › responsible.
Unit 6: Covalent Bonding Intermolecular Forces. Intra- versus Inter- molecular Forces Intra (means “within”) and refers to the forces that hold atoms.
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces.  Intermolecular Forces – forces of attraction between molecules – act only between neighboring molecules  Boiling Point – good.
Chapter 13 IMF, Solids and Liquids
Polar Bonds and Molecules Chapter 8.4
Solids, Liquids and Gases, and Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction (IMFs)
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. Intermolecular Forces Forces that attract molecules to other molecules. These include:  Forces that attract molecules.
The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions that hold compounds together.
4.3 Intermolecular Forces
Solubility: Molecular Polarity. How do molecules stay together?
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 11 Ms. McGrath. Intermolecular Forces The forces that bond atoms to each other within a molecule are called intramolecular.
Why do some solids dissolve in water but others do not? Why are some substances gases at room temperature, but others are liquid or solid? The answers.
Why do some solids dissolve in water but others do not? Why are some substances gases at room temperature, but others are liquid or solid? The answers.
What are Intermolecular forces? Intermolecular forces are weak forces of attraction between some covalent molecules. These attractions are responsible.
Polarity and Intermolecular Forces. NonpolarPolar Diatomic molecules.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION - A- A- A- Attraction existing between molecules in a given substance - R- R- R- Responsible for the phase of the.
Vocabulary: intermolecular force dipole-dipole force hydrogen bond London dispersion forces boiling point melting point heat capacity surface tension capillary.
Chapter 6.2. Two Types of Forces with Compounds Intramolecular Forces the forces of attraction that hold the atoms together in a molecule. Ex. ionic bonds,
Objectives Contrast ionic and molecular substances in terms of their physical characteristics and the types of forces that govern their behavior. Describe.
Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Covalent bonds exist between atoms within a molecular compound These covalent bonds.
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 20. Types of Forces Ionic forces Ionic forces metal + non-metal, ionic crystals metal + non-metal, ionic crystals Within.
Aim: What attraction forces exist among neighboring molecules? I.O.SWBAT: 1)Use the KMT to explain the differences in motion of particles in the gas, liquid,
Chemistry Semester Review: Compounds: Intermolecular forces: Intermolecular forces: 1.London (dispersion) forces; dipole-dipole forces; hydrogen bonds.
Intermolecular Forces Chemistry 11 Ms. McGrath. Intermolecular Forces The forces that bond atoms to each other within a molecule are called intramolecular.
Intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION
2.8 - Properties of Compounds
Polarity within a Molecule
Intermolecular Forces
TOPIC 4 CHEMICAL BONDING AND STRUCTURE
Section 2: Intermolecular Attractive Forces
Forces between Particles
Intermolecular Forces
Chapter 13 IMF, Solids and Liquids
8.4 Bond Polarity Bonding Ionic Covalent.
Intermolecular Forces,
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Chapter 11 Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
Intermolecular Forces
Attractions Within & Between Molecules
Intramolecular forces vs. Intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces
Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Intra vs Inter The prefix intra- means “within”
Intra vs Inter The prefix intra- means “within”
Intramolecular Forces
Molecular Comparisons and Intermolecular Forces
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Presentation transcript:

Intermolecular Forces The physical properties of melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, evaporation, viscosity, surface tension, and solubility are related to the strength of attractive forces between molecules. These attractive forces are called Intermolecular Forces. The amount of "stick togetherness" is important in the interpretation of the various properties listed above.

Three main types of intermolecular forces: 1.Dispersion Forces (London Forces and van der Wall’s) 2.Dipole-dipole interactions 3.Hydrogen bonds Intermolecular means between molecules (any mentioned above) Intramolecular means within the molecule (covalent bonds) Intermolecular forces << intramolecular forces Relative strength of Intermolecular Forces: dispersion forces < dipole-dipole interactions < hydrogen bonds

Dispersion Forces Dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular force (one hundredth-one thousandth the strength of a covalent bond), Dispersion forces are very weak forces of attraction between molecules resulting from momentary dipoles occurring due to uneven electron distributions in neighboring molecules as they approach one another The more electrons that are present in the molecule, the stronger the dispersion forces will be. Dispersion forces are the only type of intermolecular force operating between non-polar molecules.

Size (Volume and Shape) determines the magnitude of the dispersion force. The bigger the size, the larger the dispersion force.

Dipole-dipole Interactions Stronger intermolecular forces than Dispersion forces that occur between molecules that have permanent net dipoles (polar molecules) The partial positive charge on one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge on a neighboring molecule.

Hydrogen Bonds They occur between molecules that have a permanent net dipole resulting from hydrogen being covalently bonded to either fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. For example, hydrogen bonds operate between water (H 2 O) molecules, ammonia (NH 3 ) molecules, hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecules, etc. The attraction between these molecules will be greater than the attraction between polar molecules that do not have hydrogen covalently bonded to either fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular force (about one-tenth the strength of a covalent bond).

Since melting or boiling result from a progressive weakening of the attractive forces between the covalent molecules, the stronger the intermolecular force is, the more energy is required to melt the solid or boil the liquid. SubstanceMolecular Mass (g/mol) Dipole Moment (Debye) Normal Boiling Point (K) Propane Dimethyl ether Chloromethane Acetaldehyde Acetonitrile

Solubility Solubility is a substance’s ability to dissolve in another substance. Polar molecules and ionic substances are usually soluble in polar substances. Non-polar molecules only dissolve in non- polar substances.

When salt is dissolved in water, the ions of the salt dissociate from each other and associate with the dipole of the water molecules. This process is called “solvation”.

Additional References -forces forces unit-7-presentation unit-7-presentation homework.com/Chemistry_Help/Molecular_G eometry/Polar_Or_Nonpolar.html homework.com/Chemistry_Help/Molecular_G eometry/Polar_Or_Nonpolar.html