Launch List 1. Describe the Missouri Compromise. 2. What was the Gag Rule? 3. Why did Preston Brooks put Charles Sumner in a coma?

Picture/Polk James K. Polk, Democrat President from 1845 to 1849 James K Polk: the MANIFEST DESTINY PREZ James K. Polk, Democrat President from 1845 to 1849 Responsible for the Manifest Destiny Expansionist Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846 Mexican Cession and completed U.S. control of the continent from ocean to ocean Picture/Polk

Texas War of Independence1 Mexican-American War Causes 1. Manifest Destiny 2. Texas Question Texas War of Independence1

Texas War of Independence1 Mexican-American War 1846-1848 Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845. Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S., this would be an act of war. One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846. Texas War of Independence1

MEXICAN WAR Mexican War

Abolitionists on The Mexican War Believed this war was a conspiracy to spread slavery across the continent!

Map expansion

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Ends the Mexican American War Mexico gives the USA the Mexican Cession Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Effects of the Mexican-American War 1. More land! 2. Increases debate over slavery.

Anti-Slavery Movement Territorial Expansion A Clash of Interests

A Clash of Interests- Major Question Should the New Territories be free or slave??

Compromise of 1850- The Resolution Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850 Calif. A free state Texas a Slave State Enforce Fugitive Slave Laws Popular Sovereignty in new territories Stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.

Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state. Map Comp of 1850

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND Abolitionists refuse to enforce the Fugitive Slave Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published Underground Railroad becomes more active

Southerners threaten secession and war SOUTHERNERS RESPOND Southerners threaten secession and war Fug SL Law is in Constitution protects property and Federal law is over State law. 5th Amendment Supremacy Clause

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase1854.

Gadsden Purchase Was intended to allow for the construction of a southern route for a transcontinental railroad. Cost $10 million for the Gadsden land,

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT Issue: 2 new Territories, should they be free or Slave? Compromise: Stephen Douglas senator from Illinois Kan. & Neb Act

KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT Stephen Douglas Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to popular sovereignty in return for building the railroad in the North. Kan. & Neb Act

Map Bleeding Kan BLEEDING KANSAS Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers. First violent outbreaks between north/south. First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856. Over 200 killed (Led by John Brown) Attacks by free-states Attacks by pro-slavery states

BLEEDING KANSAS CAUSES Kansas and Nebraska were open to popular sovereignty. It became a race to see who could get more people there, Pro Slave or anti-slave people?

BLEEDING KANSASb EFFECTS First violent outbreaks between north/south. Map Bleeding Kan BLEEDING KANSASb EFFECTS First violent outbreaks between north/south. “First battles of the Civil War “begin in Kansas in 1856. Over 200 killed (Led by John Brown) Attacks by free-states Attacks by pro-slavery states

Dred Scott Case Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states. His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave. He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time. Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue Can a slave sue for his freedom? Is a slave property? Is slavery legal?

Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott decision Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property. They are not citizens and have no legal right under the Constitution. Supreme Court legalized slavery by saying that Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new territory Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law Free states pass personal liberty laws. Republicans claim the decision is not binding Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in the Union. Chart/Effect of Scott

Reading/Scott decision DRED SCOTT DECISION Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted. “They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race.” Reading/Scott decision

Involved in the Bleeding Kansas Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas JOHN BROWN Violent abolitionist Involved in the Bleeding Kansas Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South. Picture/J.Brown

JOHN BROWN Attacked a U.S. Ammunition depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct. of 1859 to capture weapons and begin his slave revolt. Picture/J.Brown

Put on trial for treason. JOHN BROWN Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.Brown

Picture/J.Brown Hanging JOHN BROWN He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. His last words were to this effect: “I believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the shedding of blood.” Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause. Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery. South’s outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own country. Picture/J.Brown Hanging

John Brown: Martyr or Madman?