Date: 3/18/15 Activity: Making Connections/Reagan and End of Cold War Warm Up: Complete “Making Connections” in pencil (If you weren’t here yesterday you will not be able to complete this) Homework: -Read Soviet Reforms tonight! EXTRA CREDIT: -watch Argo and write a reaction paper ---Due by Friday 3/20 *Foreign Policy Test will be Thursday 3/26 Welcome to Contemporary U.S. and World History PgAssignmentDate 23 Iran Hostage Crisis Readings 3/12 24 Iran Hostage Crisis Questions 3/12 25 Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War 3/13 26 Unraveling of Soviet Economy 3/17 27Making Connections3/18 28 Reagan & End of CW PPT Notes 3/18 29Soviet Reforms3/18

Making Connections… Yesterday’s activity was designed to have you understand the failures of the Soviet economy that led to reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. Yesterday’s activity was designed to have you understand the failures of the Soviet economy that led to reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. In pencil, complete the comparison chart on the “Making Connections” handout. In pencil, complete the comparison chart on the “Making Connections” handout.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soviet workers were told by the government to produce a quota of goods as part of a 5-year plan. Soviet workers were told by the government to produce a quota of goods as part of a 5-year plan. Soviet government made reaching quotas difficult because production materials were not available for work crews in time, usually reaching workers in the middle of the month forcing crews to work long hours to try and meet month-end quotas Soviet government made reaching quotas difficult because production materials were not available for work crews in time, usually reaching workers in the middle of the month forcing crews to work long hours to try and meet month-end quotas CLASS EXPERIENCE Students were told by the teacher to produce a certain amount of goods in a given time period. Students were told by the teacher to produce a certain amount of goods in a given time period. I made it difficult to reach the quotas because “production” materials were not available for groups in time and therefore work brigades had to work extra hard to meet quotas in the last few minutes of the time- period. I made it difficult to reach the quotas because “production” materials were not available for groups in time and therefore work brigades had to work extra hard to meet quotas in the last few minutes of the time- period.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE Soviet workers were all paid equally by the soviet government whether or not they met a quota from a five-year plan. Soviet workers were all paid equally by the soviet government whether or not they met a quota from a five-year plan. Some Soviet workers did not work hard with little incentive knowing they would still be paid. Some Soviet workers did not work hard with little incentive knowing they would still be paid. CLASS EXPERIENCE Students were paid equally by the teacher whether they met the quota or not. Students were paid equally by the teacher whether they met the quota or not. As a result, some students lost incentive to work, knowing they would still be paid. As a result, some students lost incentive to work, knowing they would still be paid.

Making Connections HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE To buy consumer goods, Soviet citizens routinely had to stand in extremely long lines, and often the stores closed or ran out of goods before citizens could purchase what they wanted. To buy consumer goods, Soviet citizens routinely had to stand in extremely long lines, and often the stores closed or ran out of goods before citizens could purchase what they wanted. Soviet consumers were often forced to buy consumer products that weren’t the most desirable. Soviet consumers were often forced to buy consumer products that weren’t the most desirable. CLASS EXPERIENCE Students had to wait in long lines to buy candy. Some did not get to purchase candy because the stores closed or ran out of candy. Students had to wait in long lines to buy candy. Some did not get to purchase candy because the stores closed or ran out of candy. Students didn’t have “the best” candy options or the opportunity to choose what kind they got. Students didn’t have “the best” candy options or the opportunity to choose what kind they got.

THE END OF THE COLD WAR

RONALD REAGAN STRONG STANCE VS. USSR: STRONG STANCE VS. USSR: HARSH RHETORIC: USSR THE “EVIL EMPIRE” BUILDS UP U.S. MILITARY TO USE AS LEVERAGE IN NEGOTIATIONS DO NOW! EXPLAIN HOW HAVING A STRONGER MILITARY WOULD HELP THE U.S. NEGOTIATE WITH THE USSR.

STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE (SDI) U.S. BEGINS RESEARCH ON ANTI- MISSILE SATELLITE DEFENSE SYSTEM U.S. BEGINS RESEARCH ON ANTI- MISSILE SATELLITE DEFENSE SYSTEM NICKNAMED “STAR WARS” NICKNAMED “STAR WARS” USSR CONCERNED: USSR CONCERNED: BELIEVE U.S. CAN MAKE SYSTEM WORK BELIEVE U.S. CAN MAKE SYSTEM WORK MANY AMERICANS SKEPTICAL: TECHNOLOGY DID NOT EXIST TOO EXPENSIVE

REAGAN SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST REBELS (CONTRAS) IN NICARAGUA

REAGAN INVADES CARIBBEAN ISLAND OF GRENADA GRENADA DEVELOPING CLOSE TIES WITH COMMUNIST CUBA GRENADA DEVELOPING CLOSE TIES WITH COMMUNIST CUBA

GORBACHEV TAKES OVER 1985 – MIKHAIL GORBACHEV NEW LEADER OF USSR: 1985 – MIKHAIL GORBACHEV NEW LEADER OF USSR: INHERITS MANY PROBLEMS INHERITS MANY PROBLEMS TRIES NEW LIBERAL REFORMS: TRIES NEW LIBERAL REFORMS: GLASNOST - ALLOWED OPEN CRITICISM OF THE USSR AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS GLASNOST - ALLOWED OPEN CRITICISM OF THE USSR AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS PERESTROIKA – ECONOMIC REFORMS - SOME PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PERESTROIKA – ECONOMIC REFORMS - SOME PRIVATE ENTERPRISE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS LIMITED DEMOCRACY FIRST STEPS TOWARDS LIMITED DEMOCRACY

THE SOVIET ECONOMY BEGINS TO COLLAPSE: THE SOVIET ECONOMY BEGINS TO COLLAPSE: INEFFICIENCIES INEFFICIENCIES ATTEMPTS TO MATCH U.S. MILITARY SPENDING ATTEMPTS TO MATCH U.S. MILITARY SPENDING Comparison between USSR and US economies (1989) according to 1990 CIA World Factbook [19]USCIAWorld Factbook [19] USSRUS GDPGDP ( millions $)2,659,5005,233,300 Population (July 1990)290,938,469250,410,000 GDP Per Capita ($)9,21121,082 Labour force (1989)152,300,000125,557,000

NEW SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY SOUGHT BETTER RELATIONS WITH U.S. SOUGHT BETTER RELATIONS WITH U.S. SIGNED TREATY TO REDUCE NUCLEAR WEAPONS PRODUCED BY BOTH U.S. & USSR SIGNED TREATY TO REDUCE NUCLEAR WEAPONS PRODUCED BY BOTH U.S. & USSR ALLOWED COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS TO BECOME DEMOCRATIC & INDEPENDENT ALLOWED COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS TO BECOME DEMOCRATIC & INDEPENDENT

REAGAN AND GORBY DISCUSSING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS TREATY

PLEASE DO NOW! WHY DO YOU THINK MIKHAIL GORBACHEV DECIDED TO SEEK BETTER RELATIONS WITH THE U.S. AND TO ALLOW THE FALL OF COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE? WHY DO YOU THINK MIKHAIL GORBACHEV DECIDED TO SEEK BETTER RELATIONS WITH THE U.S. AND TO ALLOW THE FALL OF COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE?

POLAND LEADS THE WAY 1989: POLISH TRADE UNION SOLIDARITY DEFEATED THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN ELECTIONS LECH WA ŁĘ SA, THE LEADER OF SOLIDARITY, BECAME PRESIDENT OF POLAND LECH WA ŁĘ SA, THE LEADER OF SOLIDARITY, BECAME PRESIDENT OF POLAND

COLLAPSE OF EASTERN EUROPE EAST GERMANY: EAST GERMANY: NOV. 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENED BERLIN WALL NOV. 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENED BERLIN WALL BERLINERS BEGAN TEARING DOWN THE WALL BERLINERS BEGAN TEARING DOWN THE WALL

BRINGING THE WALL DOWN

GERMANY WAS REUNIFIED IN 1990

OTHER REVOLUTIONS CZECHOSLOVAKIA VELVET REVOLUTION (NON-VIOLENT) CZECHOSLOVAKIA VELVET REVOLUTION (NON-VIOLENT) LATVIA, LITHUANIA AND ESTONIA DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE USSR LATVIA, LITHUANIA AND ESTONIA DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE USSR HUNGARY, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA BECAME DEMOCRACIES HUNGARY, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA BECAME DEMOCRACIES

DECLINE OF THE SOVIET UNION GORBY’S REFORMS LED TO NATIONALISM IN NON- RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS GORBY’S REFORMS LED TO NATIONALISM IN NON- RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS COMMUNIST HARDLINERS FAILED IN AN ATTEMPT TO OVERTHROW GORBACHEV COMMUNIST HARDLINERS FAILED IN AN ATTEMPT TO OVERTHROW GORBACHEV IN DEC. 1991, 14 NON- RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARED INDEPENDENCE IN DEC. 1991, 14 NON- RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARED INDEPENDENCE GORBY RESIGNED & THE USSR (ALONG WITH THE COLD WAR) CAME TO AN END GORBY RESIGNED & THE USSR (ALONG WITH THE COLD WAR) CAME TO AN END BORIS YELTSIN IS ELECTED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BORIS YELTSIN IS ELECTED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DO NOW! WOULD YOU GIVE PRESIDENT REAGAN ANY CREDIT FOR BRINGING THE COLD WAR TO AN END? EXPLAIN. WOULD YOU GIVE PRESIDENT REAGAN ANY CREDIT FOR BRINGING THE COLD WAR TO AN END? EXPLAIN.

CHINA AFTER THE COLD WAR COMMUNISM GOES ON: COMMUNISM GOES ON: IN 1980s CHINESE GOV’T EASED ITS GRIP ON BUSINESSES AND TRADE IN 1980s CHINESE GOV’T EASED ITS GRIP ON BUSINESSES AND TRADE DEMANDS FOR DEMOCRACY: DEMANDS FOR DEMOCRACY: MASSIVE STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN BEIJING’S TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSIVE STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN BEIJING’S TIANANMEN SQUARE CHINESE MILITARY CRUSHED THE REVOLTS CHINESE MILITARY CRUSHED THE REVOLTS THE WORLD WATCHED IN HORROR AS ARMED FORCES SLAUGHTERED UNARMED STUDENTS THE WORLD WATCHED IN HORROR AS ARMED FORCES SLAUGHTERED UNARMED STUDENTS

AN UNKNOWN PROTESTOR BLOCKS THE TANKS SENT TO BREAK UP THE STUDENT PROTESTS

Independence Movements Now you will read about the individual independence movements in the USSR. Now you will read about the individual independence movements in the USSR. You will take notes on the notes page provided. You will take notes on the notes page provided. Get the major points, you don’t need every detail! Get the major points, you don’t need every detail! When looking for date of independence, some will be vague, try to look for date of free elections. When looking for date of independence, some will be vague, try to look for date of free elections.