Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Public Policy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Roots of Public Policy: The Policy- Making Process LO 17.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. LO 17.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Theories of Public Policy –Elite theory –Bureaucratic theory –Interest group theory –Pluralist theory To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A Model of the Policy-Making Process The stages of the process –Problem recognition and definition –Agenda setting –Policy formulation –Policy adoption –Budgeting –Policy implementation –Policy evaluation LO 17.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Economic Policy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of Economic Policy LO 18.1: Trace the evolution of economic policy in the United States. LO 18.1: Trace the evolution of economic policy in the United States. The 19th century: laissez faire and business cycles The Progressive era The Great Depression and the New Deal Social regulation Deregulation To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Fiscal Policy LO 18.2: Assess the impact of the budget process on fiscal policy. LO 18.2: Assess the impact of the budget process on fiscal policy. Government maintains economic stability through taxing and spending policies known as fiscal policy: Keynesian economics First serious use was in 1960s. –Revenue Act of 1964 reduced personal and corporate income tax rates. Large partisan divide over government spending and budget deficits. To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Fiscal Policy in a Global Context Globalization and income –minimum wage v. wages abroadminimum wage Increasing interdependence –2008 economic crisis spread swiftly abroad LO 18.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Budget Used to fund government programs and stabilize the economy Raising and spending money The congressional budget processcongressional budget process Budget deficits and debt LO 18.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Monetary Policy LO 18.3: Analyze the effect of the Federal Reserve System on monetary policy. LO 18.3: Analyze the effect of the Federal Reserve System on monetary policy. Government also stabilizes the economy through monetary policy: managing the money supply and influencing interest rates. The Federal Reserve System (The Fed) The Federal Reserve System The tools of monetary policy –Setting of the reserve requirement –Control of the discount rate –Open market operations To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Income Security Policy LO 18.4: Describe the evolution of income security policy in the United States. LO 18.4: Describe the evolution of income security policy in the United States. The foundation of income security policy –The Great Depression –The New Deal –The Social Security Act of 1935 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Income Security Programs Today Many income security programs are entitlement programsincome security programs Non-means-tested programs –Social security –Unemployment insurance Means-tested programs –Supplemental security income (SSI) –TANF and SNAP –Earned Income tax credit program LO 18.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Toward Reform: Recession and Economic Recovery LO 18.5: Evaluate the role of fiscal, monetary, and income security policy in the economic recession and recovery. LO 18.5: Evaluate the role of fiscal, monetary, and income security policy in the economic recession and recovery. Fiscal policy –TARP –ARRAARRA Monetary Policy Income Security Policy Evaluating the Government’s Response To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Foreign and Defense Policy

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy LO 19.1: Trace the evolution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. LO 19.1: Trace the evolution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. Isolationism in the early republic Growing power and influence World War I and the League of Nations The interwar years To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Isolationism in the Early Republic The Embargo Act of 1807 The War of 1812 The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 LO 19.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Growing Power and Influence Trade policy and commerce Expansionism and manifest destiny Dominance over the western hemisphere –The Roosevelt Corollary of 1904 Interest in Asia –The Spanish-American War LO 19.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman World War I and the League of Nations World War I League of Nations –Collective security –Failure to pass the Treaty of Versailles LO 19.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Interwar Years Disarmament Isolationism –The Kellogg-Briand Pact LO 19.1 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The United States as a World Power LO 19.2: Explain the developments that led to the rise of the United States as a world power. LO 19.2: Explain the developments that led to the rise of the United States as a world power. World War II and its aftermath The Cold War and containment Détente and human rights The Post-Cold War world The war on terrorism To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Cold War and Containment Containment –The Truman Doctrine –The Marshall Plan –North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The Cold War –Latin American: The Cuban Missile Crisis –The Vietnam War LO 19.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Détente and Human Rights Nixon and detente –The “China card” –The SALT agreements Carter and human rights The Reagan Doctrine Afghanistan LO 19.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Post-Cold War World Operation Desert Storm Clinton and enlargement –Economic: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) –Political LO 19.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The War on Terrorism September 11 and the war in Afghanistan The war in Iraq LO 19.2 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Foreign and Defense Policy Decision Making LO 19.3: Outline the actors that shape foreign and defense policy decision making. LO 19.3: Outline the actors that shape foreign and defense policy decision making. The Constitution The Executive Branch –The President The National Security Council –The Departments of State, Defense, and Homeland Security –The Intelligence community To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Congress Oversight Treaties and executive agreements Appointments – weakly exercised Appropriations The War Powers Act LO 19.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Interest Groups Other actors can become active in foreign policy decision-making The military industrial complex News media, which acts as a filter Public opinion, interest, and action Nongovernmental organizations LO 19.3 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense Policy LO 19.4: Identify four foreign and defense policy challenges confronting the United States. LO 19.4: Identify four foreign and defense policy challenges confronting the United States. Trade Immigration and border security Terrorism Nuclear weapons To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Trade Free trade system Making trade policy –NAFTA –WTO The Case of China – economic isolation –The U.S.-China bilateral trade agreement (1979) –2001 China joins WTO LO 19.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Immigration and Border Security Making immigration policy –Open door policy –Restrictive quotas –Border blockades The case of Mexico LO 19.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Terrorism Making counterterrorism policy –Diplomacy – get other states on board –Military power –Economic power –Covert operations The case of Al-Qaeda LO 19.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Nuclear Weapons Making arms proliferation policy –disarmament –arms control –denial –defensive weapons –counterproliferation The case of North Korea –The International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) LO 19.4 To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 17.1: What are the stages of the public policy process? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 18.1: How has the national minimum wage changed over time? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 18.3: How does the federal government raise and spend money? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 18.1: How is the federal budget made? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 18.2: Who holds U.S. debt? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 18.4: How does the Federal Reserve System work? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 18.2: How many Americans benefit from income security programs? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 18.6: Where did the economic stimulus funds go? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 19.1: How has defense spending changed over time? Back To Learning Objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 19.2: Who are the United States’ major trading partners? Back To Learning Objectives