Environmental Geology APES MS LC

Objective 16.1 Understand some basic geologic principles including how tectonic plate movements affect conditions for life on the earth

Key Ideas  Layers of the earth  Tectonic plates  Magma and it’s evil ways  Common elements/where they came from

Layers of the Earth

Layers of the Earth

Tectonic plates

Three Types Of Plate Boundaries

Tectonic plates

Magma and it’s evil ways

Common elements/where they came from  Even though there are 92 elements that are naturally found, only eight of them are common in the rocks that make up the Earth’s outer layer, the crust. Together, these 8 elements make up more than 98% of the crust.elementscrust  The 8 most common elements in Earth’s crust (by mass): 46.6% Oxygen (O) 27.7% Silicon (Si) 8.1% Aluminum (Al) 5.0% Iron (Fe) 3.6% Calcium (Ca) 2.8% Sodium (Na) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg)

Objective 16.2  Explain how the three major rock types are formed and how the rock cycle works

Key Ideas  Define rock and mineral  Types of rocks  Rock cycle  Weathering and erosion

Minerals: Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid element or compound with a definite chemical composition or regular crystal structure Analogy: batter, chocolate chips, nuts

Rocks -solid, cohesive aggregate of one or more minerals -3 types of rock Analogy: a chocolate chip cookie with nuts

Three Types of Rocks Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

How are Rocks Formed?

The Rock Cycle

Weathering

Physical Weathering

Chemical Weathering The process of chemical weathering tends to  increase bulk creating stress within rocks  lower the density minerals  decreased particle size resulting in increased surface area  creates more mobile materials  creates more stable minerals

Erosion

Sedimentation

Objective 16.3  Summarize economic mineralogy and strategic minerals

Key Ideas  Primary uses of Metals in the US  Strategic minerals and metals

Major Metals Consumed in the US

Uses of Minerals  nerals.asp nerals.asp

Metals

Strategic minerals and metals  AAqIyS AAqIyS6  e/newindex.htm e/newindex.htm  strategicmetals.htm strategicmetals.htm  ,00.html ,00.html

Objective 16.4  Discuss the environmental effects of mining and mineral processing

Objective 16.6  Recognize the geologic hazards of earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis