“The development effects of solar cooking technologies for households and institutions in Africa” Conference Local adaptation to climate change for improved.

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Presentation transcript:

“The development effects of solar cooking technologies for households and institutions in Africa” Conference Local adaptation to climate change for improved food and energy security in rural Africa Oslo 14.12.10 Pia Otte PhD candidate, Institute for Sociology and Political Science, NTNU, Trondheim

Overview NUFU solar network project Why solar cooking? What is solar cooking? Development Development effects of solar cooking for households Development effects of solar cooking for institutions

NUFU solar network project Network Project on Small Scale Solar Concentrating Systems Aim: Develop a small scale solar cooking system with high temperatures and heat storage for public institutions in an African setting Applications: Cooking, heating water, production of steam? Project period 2007-2011 Cooperation partners - Eduardo Modlane Universtiy, Maputo, Mozambique - Makerere University, Uganda - Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia - Mekelle University, Ethiopia - Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Types of activities 2009 Report: 13 PhDs, 14 MScs, 22 presentations + other media

Why solar cooking? Source: GRID Arendal (2010)

What is solar cooking? Principle of solar cooking: Sunlight is converted to heat energy which is retained for cooking Clean cooking technology First design of solar cooker: Nicholas de Saussure (1740-1799) built a black insulated solar cooker Worldwide numerous organizations working with solar cookers (SCI founded in 1987)

Development Capability Approach (pioneered by Amartya Sen) „Over time developmet has carried very different meanings“ (Nederveen Pieterse 2001:5) Modernization Theory 1950s, Dependency Theory 1960s, Alternative Development 1970s, Human Development 1980s… Capability Approach (pioneered by Amartya Sen) Development as process which expands people`s real freedoms Freedom - people have the choice to live the life they want to live `Freedom as principle ends of development` Remove obstacles which limit freedom

Solar cooking & Development Within academics “technological driven focus” Most data related to development effects based on solar cooking proponents (risk of biased information) Particularly lack on solar cooking & development data on institutional level Need for a holistic people-centered approach to analyse the development effects of solar cooking Pell (2005) quantitative study on solar cooking in central highlands of Bolivia Use of solar cookers lead to fuelwood savings study limited on economic benefits Pouris & Wentzel (2007) fieldtest by DME & GTZ (1996-2004) in South Africa fuelwood savings monetary savings time savings (while cooking & collecting firewood) poverty reduction income generating activities

Development effects of Solar Cooking Master thesis: “Cooking with the sun- An analysis of Solar Cooking in Tanzania, its adoption and impact on development” Comparison of three different small scale solar cooking projects (different settings, different technologies)

Improved perception of health among women Time gain by women (during cooking & collecting fuelwood) Increased income generating activities due to time gain Fuelwood savings

Development effects of solar cooking for institutions? Not much research Limited on economic view (fuelwood & monetary savings) What about social development? - Children carrying firewood to school - Cooks using firewood for themselves Need of comparative analysis

Questions?