Spanish KEY POINTS ABOUT American War

Spanish-American War IMPERIALISM: The forceful extension of a nation's authority by territorial “takeover”. Establishing economic and political domination.

Social Darwinist Thinking Anglo-Saxonism: A term used to argue that English-speaking nation's had superior character, ideas, & system of government, and were destined to dominate the planet. (MANIFEST DESTINY)

Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905

Background: Where: Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies) Who: Spain vs. America Where: Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies) In the 1800s, the USA wanted to increase its influence in Latin America by increasing the sale of American Products in the region. Americans wanted Europeans to realize that the USA was the dominant power in the region.

American Economic Interests What: United States invested around 50 million into Cuba’s railroads, mines, & sugar plantations.

Sinking of the MAINE in Havana Harbor What: USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault How did it lead to war: “Spark” that started the war in 1898

Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

William Randolph Hearst “Yellow Journalism” Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

Alfred T. Mahan Leading naval planner Writer of the famous book, The Influence of Sea power upon History (1890) He argued that “the key to imperial power was control of the seas.”

IN CONCLUSION…

Treaty of Paris 1898 ENDED THE WAR IN 1898 United States emerged as a world power Cuba gained independence from Spain U.S. got possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico

Cuban Independence? Platt Amendment (1903) Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900

THE PANAMA CANAL Greatly reduce travel times for trading and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The construction of the Panama Canal involved overcoming geographic obstacles such as rocky & unstable terrain & mosquito-infested swamps. “The shortcut”

Summarize The American battleship Maine blew up in a Havana harbor in 1898, started the war. Initiated U.S. propaganda “Remember the Maine” inspiring support for U.S. revenge on Spain. War ends in 1898, United States became a WORLD POWER! EXPANDED to new overseas territory Panama Canal was created. The ship had been ordered to Cuba in January to protect American lives and property from the Spanish American assumed that the Spanish had sunk the ship partly because of an inaccurate naval court report.

Propaganda

Spain Cuba

Background information: Who? : Spain vs. America Where? : Philippines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies) In the 1800s, the USA wanted to increase its influence in Latin America by increasing the sale of American Products in the region. Americans wanted Europeans to realize that the USA was the dominant power in the region.

WRITE them down IMPERIALISM – The economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations PROTECTORATE – The imperial power allows the local rulers to stay in control and protects them against rebellions & invasion. Usually, the local ruler had to accept advice form the Europeans on how to govern their country YELLOW JOURNALISM – is the sensational, biased, and often false reporting that is written to attract readers and sell newspapers or magazines PLATT AMENDMENT - document specifying, conditions to Cuba by the USA when it was preparing a new constitution for their country SPHERE OF INFLUENCE – section of a country where one foreign nation enjoyed special rights and powers ROUGH RIDERS – volunteer cavalry regiment from the American West, Teddy Roosevelt is 2nd in Command

Latin America – American intervention was advocated in the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. President TAFT promoted “dollar diplomacy” as favorable for mutual economic development Puerto Rico – annexed as an “unincorporated territory” Anglo-Saxonism & Manifest Destiny – the idea that the English – speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government, and were destined to dominate the planet. Many Americans believed it had been the nation’s destiny to expand west to the Pacific Ocean and now to expand overseas & spread its civilization to other people.

REASONS FOR SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (Yellow Journalism) Protection of American business interests in Cuba American support for Cuban rebels’ independence from Spain Rising tensions as a result of “The Maine” in Havana Harbor Exaggerated news reports of events (Yellow Journalism)

BATTLES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR San Juan Hill, Cuba Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders led a charge up “Kettle Hill” and defeated the Spanish army. Manila Bay, Philippines Navy Admiral Dewey raided the Spanish fleet harbored in Manila Bay and captured the entire Spanish fleet. Spain surrendered.

Roosevelt grabbed national attention by advocating war with Spain in 1898 His volunteer cavalry brigade, the Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of NY and later McKinley’s vice-president

Brothers helped but did not get any love FAMOUS BATTLE San Juan Hill Brothers helped but did not get any love

American Diplomacy in ASIA President McKinley & Secretary of State John Hay supported an OPEN DOOR POLICY in China. They believed all countries should be allowed to trade with China. Hay sent notes to countries with leaseholds in China asking to keep ports open to all nations. Hay expected all powers would abide by this plan & it was a way to protect U.S. interest in China while providing = trading rights for all countries

In addition..... TAFT continued Roosevelt’s policies. He believed that if American business leaders supported Latin America & Asian development, everyone would benefit. His policy came to be called DOLLAR DIPLOMACY.

CONCLUSION… US defeats Spain & becomes a world power Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes President in 1901 when McKinley is shot US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies (Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine makes/confirms USA as a World Power

How was your thanksgiving and what are you thankful for? Journal Topic How was your thanksgiving and what are you thankful for?

CHINA - THE BOXER REBELLION, secretly supported by the government, sought to expel, (get rid of) foreigners. Secretary Hay proposed an OPEN DOOR POLICY with this country’s leaseholders in order to keep the ports open to American trade. CUBA – “Remember the Maine” was the cry of the Rough Riders who overcame the Spanish defenders on San Juan Hill. Under the terms of the Platt Amendment, Cuba became an American protectorate until the amendment was repealed in 1934

Jogging your memory! Write a 1 page to 1 ½ pages about America. (ON YOUR SHEET OF PAPER) In your paper write: (Use photos and your notes to help jog your memory) How did we get started, how was our economy, and why *** like Jamestown, 1st cash crop, etc*** 2.Talk about major wars, events and the affects it had on groupies of people *** like Native Americans and African Americans*** 3. Talk about America after the changes. ** like the economic change (progressive era)*** 4. Answer why do you think people call Americans greedy? Why do you think people call America “White America” or “It Is a whites mans world”

running exaggerated stories of Spanish attacks on Cubans “Yellow Journalism” running exaggerated stories of Spanish attacks on Cubans “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war” William Randolph Hearst

2 W’S AND AN H “Yellow Journalists” What: Newspaper created highly exaggerated stories Why: Make more $ if they keep you scared and interested How did it lead to war: Made Americans want war! HATE Spain or at least dislike Spain

William Randolph Hearst

His Crib