1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 Nervous System and Common Behavioral Health Terms

2 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Function of the Nervous System The nervous system and the endocrine system cooperate in regulating and controlling the activities of the other body systems The nervous system may be divided into two parts: central nervous system (CNS): made up of the brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system (PNS): made up of cranial and spinal nerves

3 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System Brain: major portion of the central nervous system cerebrum: largest portion of the brain, divided into right and left hemispheres; controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (temp, pain, and touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect, memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum.

4 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) ventricles: spaces within the cerebrum that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord cerebral spinal fluid (CSF): clear, colorless fluid to cushion the brain and spinal column from shock; transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste

5 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) cerebellum: often called the hindbrain located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Its function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance. brainstem: stemlike portion of the brain; connects with the spinal cord.

6 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System (cont’d) Brain (cont’d) pons : literally means “bridge.” It connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem. medulla oblongata: located between pons and spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determining blood pressure.

7 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. The “Silent” treatment but a good, quick overview TI&feature=related

8 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Now let’s add some fun Lk&feature=related

9 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. More “in-depth” B1s

10 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System (cont’d) Spinal cord Passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain

11 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Central Nervous System (cont’d) Spinal cord meninges: 3 layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord dura mater: tough outer layer arachnoid: delicate middle layer; the arachnoid membrane is loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space pia mater: thin inner layer

12 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Brain and Spinal Cord

13 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Spinal Cord Showing Layers of Meninges

14 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Peripheral Nervous System nerve: cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another 12 pair of cranial nerves 31 pair of spinal nerves ganglion: group of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system

15 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cranial Nerves

16 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Where are these cranial nerves? djo

17 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Now review this list~ tml

18 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. The vagus nerve ~ many functions The vagus nerve “wanders” through the abdomen and comes in contact with many body parts including the heart, lungs, larynx, stomach, and ears. It helps to regulate our heart beat, helps to make us breathe and helps to control our muscle movements. It innervates (sends nerve impulses) to the viscera (remember what this is?) and helps us in the digestive process.

19 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. So, how can you control the vagus nerve when it’s not working correctly? What is a vagotomy? Why do it? What can be some complications? 4&feature=related

20 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for the Nervous System cerebell/o cerebr/o dur/o encephal/o gangli/o, ganglion/o mening/i, mening/o myel/o neur/o radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

21 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Nervous System esthesi/o ment/o, phren/o, psych/o mon/o phas/o poli/o quadr/i

22 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Prefix and Suffixes Suffixes -iatrist -iatry -ictal -paresis

23 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Helpful Information The combining form myel/o is defined as spinal cord in Chapter 15, although it also means bone marrow as presented in Chapter 14. The suffix “-paresis” means slight paralysis while the suffix “-plegia” means paralysis.

24 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts cerebellitis cerebral thrombosis duritis encephalitis encephalomalacia gangliitis meningitis meningomyelocele

25 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Top, spina bifida. Bottom, (meninges / cv / (spinal cord) / cv / (protrusion).

26 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built From Word Parts (cont’d) neurasthenia neuritis neuroarthropathy neuroma poliomyelitis Polyneuritis

27 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts Alzheimer’s disease (AD) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig’s disease) Bell’s palsy cerebral aneurysm cerebral palsy (CP) cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke) epilepsy

28 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Bell’s Palsy -Bell's Palsy occurs when the 7 th cranial nerve becomes swollen or inflamed. The result is that your face appears to droop, your smile is one-sided, and your eye resists closing.

29 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Cerebrovascular Accident

30 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) multiple sclerosis (MS) Parkinson’s disease (PD) psychosis sciatica shingles transient ischemic attack (TIA)

31 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. So, what is MS? 30&feature=fvsr

32 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. What causes Parkinson’s? lLk P8

33 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Shingles

34 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts ganglionectomy neurectomy neuroplasty neurorrhaphy neurotomy What is a vagotomy?

35 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging cerebral angiograph CT myelography Neurodiagnostic procedures electroencephalogram (EEG) electroencephalography

36 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI scan) positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan) What are the technologies?

37 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d) Other lumbar puncture (LP) also called a ?

38 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Lumbar Puncture with Needle in Place

39 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Most interesting development 30&feature=fvsr

40 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts anesthesia aphasia cephalalgia craniocerebral dysphasia hemiparesis hemiplegia intracerebral monoparesis neuroid neurologist panplegia psychogenic

41 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts coma concussion conscious convulsion incoherent paraplegia seizure shunt syncope

42 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Common Psychiatric Disorders anorexia nervosa anxiety disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) bipolar disorder bulimia nervosa obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) panic attack phobia posttraumatic stress disorder

43 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations AD ADHD ALS CP CSF CVA OCD PD PTSD TIA

44 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Now I know it is a bit early, but Jesse and I want to be the first to wish you Happy Holidays! krVnLr4k&NR=1