درس امروز نحوه تشکیل، محل قرار گیری نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با یکدیگر و با فضای زیر عنکبوتیه بررسی ساختار هسته های قاعده ای مغز اعصاب دوازده گانه مغزی

نحوه تشکیل بطن های مغزی

محل قرارگیری بطن های مغزی

محل قرارگیری بطن های مغزی

نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با یکدیگر

نحوه ارتباط بطن های مغزی با فضای زیر عنکبوتیه

Basal ganglia Caudate N. Putamen Globus pallidus Subthalamic N. Substantia nigra putamen: Latin = shell of seed pallidus: Latin = pale

Lateral Medial

BG functions & pathology Motor control Motivation Eye movements Cerebral palsy Huntington's disease Parkinson's disease Stuttering

Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve

Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve

Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor muscles Trochlear Nerve exits dorsal surface and crosses over Moves eye medially and downward Abducens Moves eye laterally

9

8

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve Trigeminal ganglion Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, oral and nasal cavities. Motor: Muscles for mastication.

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve V1. Ophthalmic Exits with eye muscle group (superior orbital fissure, through orbit to superior orbital notch/foramina) Sensory to forehead, nasal cavity V2. Maxillary Exits foramen rotundum through wall of maxillary sinus to inferior orbital foramina) Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth, nasal cavity V3. Mandibular Exits foramen ovale to mandibular foramen to mental foramen Motor to jaw muscles-Masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastric Sensory to chin Taste Sensory to tongue (from facial N.) 16

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve Motor function: muscles of facial expression. Parasympathetic function: innervation to lacrimal glands and some salivary gland. Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve 15

Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve Auditory and vestibular sensation Travels with facial nerve Branches go to cochlea, vestibule

Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during talking and swallowing. Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland.

Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve Motor function: pharyngeal muscles & laryngeal muscles Parasympathetic function: heart, lungs, most if digestive tract. Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges, external auditory meatus

Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve 10

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

Basal ganglia Axial cut

Basal ganglia Axial cut Brain: axial cut, T1-weighted - Image 11 1, Frontal horn of lateral ventricle. 2, Anterior limb internal capsule. 3, Caudate nucleus. 4, Lenticular nucleus. 5, Thalamus. 6, Lateral ventricle. LF, Frontal Gyri. LO, Occipital Gyri.

Basal ganglia coronal cut

Basal ganglia coronal cut Coronal T2-weighted cut. 1, Superior frontal gyrus. 2, Middle frontal gyrus. 3, Inferior frontal gyrus. 4, Lenticular nucleus. 6, Optic chiasm. 7, Inferior temporal gyrus. 8, Middle temporal gyrus. 9, Middle cerebral artery. 10, Superior temporal gyrus. 11, Anterior limb internal capsule. 12, Caudate nucleus.