Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport

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Presentation transcript:

Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport Nervous System Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport

What is the Nervous System? A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body. Controls all involuntary movement. Heart pumping Breathing Digestion of food Controls all voluntary (by choice) movement. Running Talking Grabbing an object

Organs of the Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System Nerves Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

CNS- Brain Cerebrum Cerebrum: controls all voluntary muscles; analytical thinking (left); abstract thinking (right). Cerebellum: balance, movement, and coordination. Brain stem: controls involuntary muscles; in charge of functions needed to stay alive; connects brain to spinal cord; sorts messages between brain and body. Pituitary Gland: all hormones produced/released through this gland (puberty, growth, etc); helps keep metabolism going. Hypothalamus: controls body temperature (98.6 degrees). Hypothalamus Cerebellum Pituitary Gland Brain Stem

CNS- Spinal Cord Long bundle of nerves protected by spinal column and vertebraes. Lets messages travel between the brain and the body. Nerves assembled into tracts Ascending Tracts: carries sensory info from body to brain Touch, skin temp, pain, etc. Sensory Neurons Descending Tracts: carry info downwards from brain to body Movement Motor Neurons Spinal nerves carry to and from different levels of spinal cord Cervical Thoracic Lumbar & Sacral

PNS- Nerves Cranial Nerves 12 pairs from bottom of brain Smell, vision, hearing, balance (3) Motor functions (5) Assist with movement (4) Head, neck, and facial area Spinal Nerves 31 pairs from side of spinal cord 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal (tailbone) Nerves branch out from brain and spinal cord. PNS connections with organs and structures of the body are made through cranial and spinal nerves.

PNS- Somatic & Autonomic Regulates heart, stomach, and intestines Involuntary Sympathetic “Fight or Flight” Uses energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.) Thoratic & Lumbar Parasympathetic “Rest and Digest” Saves energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.) Sacral Enteric Controls normal digestive activity Body reacting to nervousness, etc. Somatic Sends sensory info to Central Nervous System Sends messages to motor nerve fibers (muscles moving body) Voluntary

ParaSympathetic vs. sympathetic - “rest and digest” - saves energy - STIMULATES= motivate; fuel Sympathetic: - “fight or flight” - uses energy - INHIBIT= prevent; constrain

Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Degenerative disease that affects myelin sheath and conduction pathways between brain and spinal cord. Causes of MS: Abnormal response of body’s immune system to myelin Environmental factors such as viral infection Inflammation Symptoms of MS: Damage to neurons Muscle symptoms Eye symptoms Etc. Myelin = the fatty sheath that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers

Diseases Alzheimer's The loss of brain functions that allows the subject’s brain to deteriorate over time. Causes: Dementia Genetic lineage Previous head trauma Early life experiences Dietary habits (high cholesterol, etc.) Progressive & irreversible Symptoms: Memory loss Atrophy of brain Language Emotional behavior

Fun Health Facts If all the neurons in a person’s body were lined up, it would stretch 600 miles long. There are 100 billion neurons in human brain. Eating seafood at least once a week lowers your chance of dementia by at least 30%. The brain is the fattest organ in human body; contains 60% fat. Right side of brain controls left side of body & left side of brain controls right side of body. You can’t tickle yourself.

Sources cited http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/Structure1.html http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/spinal.html http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=152&id =2612 http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/alzheimer.htm http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/multiple_sclerosis.htm