The Rise of Greek City-States

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Presentation transcript:

The Rise of Greek City-States Section 4-2 pp. 118-123

Geography Shapes Greece Greece has rugged terrain Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea Aegean Sea Greek city-states were isolated by mountains or water The seas connected Greece to the outside world. Peloponnesus

II. Governing the City-States Polis: Greek City-State Acropolis High point of the city Temples located here Lower City Marketplace Theater Homes

II. Governing the City-States Citizen: Free residents of a town or city Not all citizens were equal Male landowners held the most power

II. Governing the City-States Monarchy: A government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power. Aristocracy: Rule by a hereditary landholding elite. Oligarchy: Rule by a small group of the wealthy elite.

III. Sparta: A Warrior Society Government Ruled by two kings Citizen assembly approved decisions Daily work ran by ephors Military Society Needed to control helots Trained from birth Used phalanx formation

III. Sparta: A Warrior Society Women in Sparta Trained to bear and raise healthy soldiers Patriarchal society, could inherit property Isolation Avoided trade and travel Didn’t value arts or literature

IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Government Evolved from an aristocracy into a democracy Solon: made the government more democratic

IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Pisistratus: Tyrant who weakened the aristocracy by giving more power to the poor Cleisthenes: Created the Council of 500 Legislature composed of 500 citizens chosen by lot

IV. Athens Evolves Into A Democracy Athens had a limited democracy Only landholding males were citizens Didn’t include slaves, women, or merchants Women in Athens Most important participation was in religious life Received little or no formal education

IV. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Education Reserved for wealthy males Studied reading, writing, poetry, music, public speaking

V. Forces for Unity Shared culture helped unite Greek city-states Language History Religion Polytheistic Gods lived on Mt. Olympus and led by Zeus Honored with temples, festivals, and sacrifices