Ancient Greece

Athens Review What form of government did ancient Athens Greece operate under? Who is the “Father of Democracy”? Who invaded Athens and destroyed their Democracy?

Main Ideas Spartans built a military society to provide security and protection. The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addition to physical abilities Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence Greece.

The Big Idea The 2 most powerful states in Greece: Athens & Sparta Different & Separate Cultures Become Enemies in 400 B.C.

Sparta Dominated by military –Lycargus –Created between BC –Helots: captive worker or slaves –Military created to cause fear

Government Ran by 2 Kings –What form of government represents Sparta? Oligarchy Elected Officials run daily activities of government Set up to control the Helots

Spartan Government 2 kings 28 citizens make of a council of elders –Over age of 60 presented laws Assembly: all Spartan men over the age of 30 belong to the assembly. –Vote on councils laws –Ephors: 5 men chosen to collect taxes and enforce laws

Spartan Government Discouraged visitors Banned travel abroad Military over education What do you think happened to this society due to their control of the people?

Famous Sparta Kings Leonidas

Spartan Culture Boys & Men –All join the military until the age of 60 –Every healthy boy trained to be a soldier No shoes or heavy clothing Stealing Black broth Trained: running, jumping, swimming, javelins

Life of a Spartan Soldier 7-12 Values Training – Leave home for basic education Physical Training –Physical skills & exercise Military Training –Fight in the army Age 30 Full Citizen –Participate in assembly & move home

Spartan Women More rights than other Greek women –Could own land –Didn’t make clothing –Ran household –Received Physical Training Run, jump, wrestle, and throw javelins

Athenian Culture Boys & Men –Improvement of the body Running, jumping, fighting 2 years service in the army age: –Improvement of the mind Read, write, count, sing, play instruments History & Legends

Athenian Boys & Men Rich –Philosophy –Geometry –Astronomy –Public speaking assembly Poor –Read & write –Became farmers & craftsmen

Athenian Women No education –Wealthy tutors Weaving & sowing Fewer rights than most Greek city-states

Athenian Women Could not serve in government –Juries or assembly Could not leave their homes Could not own or buy property Disobey husbands or family No rights at all

Education Athens –Plato –Education for young boys should train the mind and body –Should be prepared for all aspects of adulthood Sparta –Lycurgus –Education should teach them how to fight –“Be able to endure pain and conquer in battle”

Sparta & Athens Sparta –Wanted to keep to themselves but help protect Greece from invasion Athens –Wanted to control the land and other city- states that ultimately will lead to war

Religion & Language Sparta and Athens both spoke the same language and practiced the same type of religion –Greek –Polytheism

Delian League Created an alliance among Greek City- states Alliance: agreement to work together $ kept on island of Delos (Delian League) Athens controlled other city states and gained power through this league

Peloponnesian League Alliance –Included Sparta –Named after the peninsula

Peloponnesian League Alliance –Included Sparta –Named after the peninsula

Peloponnesian War Stop Athens growth –431 Sparta attacks Athens Burnt crops & fields No food supply –Athens Responds Sends ships with food Attack Sparta Allies

Problems Disease hits Athens Neither side gains advantage Truce after 10 years

Athenian Expansion Athens attacks Sicily –Entire Athenian army & navy defeated –Sicily allies to Sparta –Sparta attacks Athens Spartans won –Cut off food supply –Athens Surrendered

City-states Fighting Sparta controlled Greece 30 years Resentment among city states –Weakened Greece –Opened it up for attack