REVIEW Pinckney’s Treaty  Hamilton’s Assassination

Pinckney’s Treaty O U.S. wanted to secure land claims west of the Appalachian Mtns. O Gain shipping rights on the Mississippi River O Needed to come to an agreement with Spain Treaty of Paris, 1783 – Spain owns this land. 

Pinckney’s Treaty O Pinckney meets with Spain and develops a treaty that was heavily in our favor: Pinckney’s Treaty, or the Treaty of San Lorenzo 1. Gave up all land claims east of the Mississippi (EXCEPT FLORIDA) 2. Recognized the 31 st parallel as the southern boundary of the U.S. 3. Agreed to open the Mississippi River to traffic by U.S. citizens 4. Agreed to allow American traders to use the port of New Orleans.

Jay’s Treaty O British continued to maintain their forts west of the Appalachian Mountains, despite the fact that Britain had given up those land rights in the Treaty of Paris 1783  VIOLATION OF THE TREATY! O John Jay is selected to negotiate with Britain O Issues: O Who has control of the lands west of the Appalachians? O Trading Rights

Terms Jay’s Treaty – EVACUATION OF NORTHWEST POSTS! - Allowed British settlers to become citizens should they choose to stay 2. Granted limited trading rights to British-owned West Indies (removed the restricted rights from prior) 3. Compensation for Britain limiting our trade and taking hold of our ships/cargo/naval men O Accepted British economic authority/British naval supremacy O However, did not secure compensation for slaves kidnapped from Revolution nor guarantee that the British navy would stop attacking our ships O British gave little and received much. Jay became the most hated man in America.

Effects 1. Treaty passed in the Senate, but many Americans were unhappy O Especially Western settlers…allowed Britain to continue their fur trade in their originally ceded territory! 2. Created large disagreements- further split the Democratic-Republican party (Jefferson) and the Federalist party (Hamilton) 3. France is angry! Why are we making a treaty/alliance with Britain when we are supposed to be French allies??

XYZ Affair FRANCE (OUR ALLY) IS MAD! O Why? 1. France launches a Reign of Terror during the French Revolution– against monarchical system of government, send people to the guillotine O Because of this, Britain is also on their radar to “destroy the King”; therefore, the French and British are head to head. O French expect American help because of our alliance with France (Treaty of 1778-bond between two nations) O Alexander Hamilton wanted to support the British O Jefferson and Madison wanted to support France O Washington issued a declaration of NEUTRALITY- we will do neither. 2. France sees Jay’s treaty as a violation of the French- American alliance

Reactions O French reactions: O Send home American ambassador O Seize and attack American ships O American reactions: O President Adams sends three delegates to negotiate with France to stop attacking our ships. O While there, instead of getting to meet with the French foreign minister Talleyrand, they were forced to meet with three low-level officials who Adams titles “X, Y, and Z” O X, Y, and Z demand that we pay $250,000 just to see Talleyrand, and let France borrow $10 million.

Effects O We say, “NO!” “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute” O Effects: 1. Causes a Quasi-War- naval battle between France and the U.S. 2. U.S. is treated with respect and taken seriously…we didn’t bow down.

Alien and Sedition Acts O Why were they created? O Anti-French feeling continued to flourish O Many Federalists believed French agents were everywhere, trying to overthrow our government. O Immigrants were active in the Democratic- Republican party and were speaking out against John Adams.

Four Acts O Four Acts passed: 1. Naturalization Act- Changed the requirement for the length of time you must live in the U.S. in order to APPLY for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2. Alien Act- authorized president to deport any resident immigrant considered “dangerous to the peace and safety of the U.S.” 3. Alien-Enemies Act- authorized president to arrest/deport any resident immigrants if their home country was at war with the U.S. 4. Sedition Act- made it a CRIME to publish “false, scandalous and malicious writing” against the government. (Published 7/14/1798 with an expiration date of one day before Adams’ presidential term expired)

Effects O Effects: 1. AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION! 2. Jailed many Democratic-Republicans who were publishing about Adams and his presidency 3. Immigrants and anyone who was faintly pro-British was “removed.” 4. Failure! O Shows American govt. can not and should not be all-powerful O Shows the importance of opposing political parties- those who speak out for what is right/wrong. O Shows success of our system of checks and balances (supreme Court deemed laws unconstitutional)  Poor, poor American choice.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions O The two main Democratic-Republican leaders (Jefferson and Madison) saw the Alien and Sedition Acts as a serious abuse of power by the federal government. O Decided to organize opposition to the acts by appealing to states’ rights. O Madison- VA Resolutions O Jefferson- KY Resolutions

VA and KY Resolutions O Kentucky resolutions particularly asserted the principle of NULLIFICATION: O The states have the right to nullify (or void) any act of Congress that they deem unconstitutional. O Claimed the right to void federal laws going beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution. O Effects: O The importance of the SUPREMACY CLAUSE!!! O Assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law. O Failed, because other states refused to adopt own declarations O Showed the continuing issue between the federal and state governments O Election of 1800 would be centered around this very issue

Hamilton’s Assassination O Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr are running against one another in the election for President—both are from the Democratic- Republican Party. O Aaron Burr loses the vote to Thomas Jefferson for candidacy and Jefferson takes him on as Vice-President O After losing to Jefferson in the election, Burr felt that he needed to revive his failing political career.

The Duel O Alexander Hamilton makes slanderous remarks about Burr, ruining his reputation and affecting his political career. O Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel- the fight of gentlemen O Burr met Hamilton on 7/11/1804. O Hamilton shot into the air, Burr shot directly at Hamilton

Effects O Hamilton dies the next day. He had been shot in the liver. O Burr was charged with murder, but fled before he was brought to trial. O Burr is eventually charged with treason for a separate issue in 1806, but is found not guilty. Burr flees to Europe before eventually returning back to NY. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE ASSASSINATION?