Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1 Georgia Constitution weaknesses: 1. similar to the Articles of Confederation 2. unicameral legislative branch where 1 legislative branch governed and appointed members of power 3. Georgians had no say in ratifying the original constitution 4. governor had little power 5. John Treutlen -first governor of GA

The Articles of Confederation written to free selves from Britain Powers had Powers not had Declare war Collect taxes Coin money No trade regulation Establish post offices Unicameral-1 legislation Send and recall ambassadors Each state had own currency State power not fed. power 13 out of 13 to pass laws 1 vote per state no matter population size

Constitutional Convention Met to write the constitution since the AOC was not successful--1787 Could not have military because states would not pay taxes—chance of attack from Native Americans and Europeans Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Baldwin, and William Few were some of the leaders to write and sign a new constitution 4 Compromises: 1. 3/5 Compromise-how the states counted slaves for population 2. Great Compromise-have a more even vote despite population (2 senators and legislatures depending upon population) 3. Commerce Clause-taxes and trade would be overseen by the national gov’t 4. Abolish slavery in the future

Role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention Continue to support slavery so it would not be abolished and for slaves to account in the total population Abraham Baldwin’s last minute vote for small states to allow for the Great Compromise

Successful politician Abraham Baldwin Successful politician Participated in the Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution Creating UGA (Franklin College) First President of UGA

William Few Signed the US Constitution at the Constitutional Convention, but have few words to share Judge, Senator, and Representative in GA Few’s remains were moved to GA in 1976 at the bicentennial

UGA First institute in GA for higher learning Abraham Baldwin chosen by Gov Lyman Hall (signer of the Dec of Ind) to draft a charter President of the university—Franklin College (Arts and Science) Many political and business leaders of GA graduated from UGA Land grant college—free land from federal gov’t to build and grow by selling land they did not intend to use

Louisville SALMA-Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta Named after French King Louis the sixteenth since he helped in the Revolutionary War Chosen because it was center to GA population of the time Trading center goal –located on the Ogeechee River Capital went Milledgeville next because of a Malaria outbreak, the difficulty of traveling the river, and continual growth to Northwest Set fire to the Yazoo Land Act with a magnifying glass Why Louisville? Population, movement, and economic growth from coast

Methodist and Baptist Church John Wesley, founder of Methodist Second Great Awakening grew the both denominations Interested the working classes Slaves converted Revivals and camp meetings to spread word Methodist-circuit riders from town to town

Land Policies 1. Headright System-acres given to soldiers who fought in Rev. War like Austin Dabney or white heads of households 21 or older offered free land to new settlers to build homes and farms. (200 acres) 2. Yazoo Act-land in Alabama and Mississippi (named after the river in Miss.) sold to land companies Land companies bribed officials/legislators James Jackson resigned his seat and came back to GA to take over the GA assembly and cancelled the Yazoo Act The land was given to the gov’t for 1.25 million dollars along with the promise to relinquish Indian land claims and remove Creek Indians from GA Yazoo Act is known for the Yazoo Land Fraud 3. Land lottery (8)- submit male name of 21 yrs or older then buy a ticket and spin for a lot from a box in another box spin for a name (war veterans, widows, and head of households with children could also participate.

Cotton Gin Positive impact: Made the economy (increased profit) and population grow Made slavery expand The machine sped up the time to deseed Cotton was used to plant to replace bad soil from tobacco growth Eli Whitney credit for invention for some Caused westward expansion for more land Negative impact: Caused south to be dependent on 1 crop (boll weevil)

Railroad Technological advance along with the cotton gin for economic growth 1832 Atlanta approved Businessmen in Athens began the railroad to transport cotton faster GA top ten in track millage GA most tracks in south Western and Atlantic Railroad from Chattanooga to GA 1.Terminus-end of line then 2. Marthasville after the governor Lumpkin’s daughter then 3. Atlanta- feminine name for Atlantic Atlanta first city to be built away from a river that was not navigable

Creek and Cherokee Removal of Native Americans leading to the Trail of Tears (march from GA to Oklahoma) Treaty of New York-gave up eastern land Red Stick War-Indians wanting to fight whites White Stick War-Indians not wanting to fight Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL)-Creek defeated by Andrew Jackson Treaty of Indian Springs-McIntosh signed away the Indian land in a bribe

Alexander McGillivray Tried to keep Indian land from whites Signed the Treaty of New York which promised they would not take any more land Creek leader of the Oconee War between Indians and GA

William McIntosh Decision to sign the Second Treaty of Indian Springs which gave up Creek Land(1825) McIntosh, along with six other Creek chiefs, agreed to sell the remainder of Creek land in Georgia, without the tribe’s consent, for $200,000. McIntosh received extra cash for his personal lands in the treaty. Upon hearing about what they considered to be a bribe, the Creek Nation ruled to execute McIntosh for his actions. On April 30, 1825, 200 Creek warriors carried out McIntosh’s execution at his home by shooting and stabbing him repeatedly. The Second Treaty of Indian Springs officially removed the Creek from Georgia’s borders.

Sequoyah George Gist Created the Cherokee first written language Rejected white people completely The Cherokee language was the basis for the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper and the creation of the Cherokee Constitution

John Ross Chief of the Cherokee Nation Faith in the US government to protect Indian land so he went many times to Washington once to take a petition for stopping Indian removal Fought removal Lost his wife on the Trail of Tears

Gold Rush America’s first gold rush in Dahlonega, GA Gold found on Cherokee land forced them out of their land, but they received no gold Land lottery held of Cherokee land 20 year gold mining in GA-population and economic growth California gold rush ended GA mining

Worcester vs Georgia Court case that determined the Cherokee nation sovereign and subject to own laws and land Ga ignored the Supreme Court ruling Andrew Jackson’s decision to not enforce the decision led to Indian removal from GA Worcester (missionary) arrested and held in prison, but was pardoned and released Moved to Oklahoma with Cherokees

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall Andrew Jackson, US President who ignored the Supreme Court decision to let Cherokees keep their land John Marshall, the Supreme Court judge who sided with the Cherokee and the missionaries for keeping their native lands Andrew Jackson said, “John Marshall rendered his decision, now let him enforce it.” meant that the president had to support the Supreme Court for the decision to be upheld.

Trail of Tears The US army forces the removal of the Cherokee from GA Led by General Winfield Scott Cherokees placed in stockades before they were forced to march in winter to Oklahoma Over 4000 people died of disease and exposure