Short & Long-term Memory

Making Memory - Review Three things have to happen: 1.Get information into our brain through encoding. 2.Retain that information by the process of storage. 3.Get the information back through retrieval.

Making Memory - Review The process that makes it happen: External Events Sensory Memory Long-term Memory Storage Sensory Input Encoding Working Short-term Memory Encoding Retrieving Maintenance Rehearsal Attention to important or novel information Automatic Processing Sensory Memory

Making Memory - Review Sensory Memory The first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems. Iconic memory - visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second. Capacity - everything that can be seen at one time. Duration - information that has just entered iconic memory will be pushed out very quickly by new information

Making Memory - Review Sensory Memory The first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems. Echoic memory - the brief memory of something a person has just heard. Capacity - limited to what can be heard at any one moment and is smaller than the capacity of iconic memory. Duration - lasts longer than iconic — about 2 to 4 seconds.

Making Memory The process that makes it happen: External Events Sensory Memory Long-term Memory Storage Sensory Input Encoding Working Short-term Memory Encoding Retrieving Maintenance Rehearsal Attention to important or novel information Automatic Processing Working Short-term Memory

Short-Term Memory Short-term memory (STM) - the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. Working memory - an active system that processes the information in short-term memory. Capacity of STM is about seven items, plus or minus two (5 to 9 bits of information)

Short-Term Memory Selective attention works in the short-term memory. The ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input. Sometimes called cocktail effect

Short-Term Memory Without rehearsal STM lasts about 12 – 30 seconds Maintenance Rehearsal is the practice of saying information to be remembered over-and- over again

Strengthen Long-term Memory Elaborative rehearsal: A method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way

Making Memory The process that makes it happen: External Events Sensory Memory Long-term Memory Storage Sensory Input Encoding Working Short-term Memory Encoding Retrieving Maintenance Rehearsal Attention to important or novel information Automatic Processing Long-term Memory

Long-Term Memory There are two types of LTM: Procedural memory – stuff people can do Ride a bike, tie shoes, habits & conditioned reflexes Declarative memory – stuff people can know Facts, knowledge, personal information

Long-Term Memory There are two types of Declarative Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Things you know Procedural Memory Things you do Episodic Memory Events experienced by a person Semantic Memory Facts, General knowledge

How good is your Semantic Memory? Get into groups of 4 – 5 I will give you a category Each person must come up with an example from the category. Keep going around the circle, eliminate people who can’t come up with an example or who repeat something already said If someone stalls, use a 5 second countdown If a vote is needed, thumbs up, thumbs down. Majority rules.

Brands of cereal Advertising slogans One word movie titles College Mascots Two word cities Fast food restaurants TV families Mathematical symbols Punctuation marks Rivers Female singers Sports balls Brands of chewing gum Things found at a beach Mexican food Red things Things you plug in Birds Flowers Units of measurement Famous dogs Candy bars Emotions Athletic shoe companies